MOTION MOUNTAIN

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198 4 images and the eye – optics Challenge 192 e Challenge 193 s Ref. 153 Challenge 194 s Challenge 195 d ∗∗ beauticians to highlight blemishes, so that the skin can be cleaned as well as possible. In 2007, the police officer Mike Powis in Nottingham discovered that this ‘acne light’ could be used to reduce the crime rate; since acne is not fashionable, pink light deters youth from gathering in groups, and thus calms the environment where it is installed. Yellowish light is used by by supermarkets to increase their sales of fruit and vegetables. In yellow light, tomatoes look redder and salad looks greener. Check by yourself: youwillnotfindasinglesupermarketwithouttheselightsinstalledover fruit and vegetables. Lightbeams,suchasthoseemittedfromlasers,areusuallythoughtofasthinlines.However, light beams can also betubes, with the light intensity lower in the centre than on the rim. Tubular laser beams, i.e., Bessel beams of high order, are used in modern research experiments to guide plasma channels and sparks. ∗∗ Is it possible to see stars from the bottom of a deep pit or of a well, even during the day, as is often stated? ∗∗ Humans are the only primates that have white eyes. All apes have brown eyes, so that it is impossible to see in which direction the are looking. Apes make extensive use of this impossibility: they often turn their head in one direction, pretending to look somewhere, but turn their eyes in another. In other words, brown eyes are useful for deception. The same effect is achieved in humans by wearing dark sunglasses. So if you see somebody with sunglasses in a situation where there is no sunlight, you know that he or she is behaving like an ape. Apes use this type of deception to flirt with the opposite sex without their steady partnernoticing.Sunglassesaretoolsfortheunfaithful. ∗∗ HowcanyoumeasurethepoweroftheSunwithyoureyesclosed? ∗∗ Even in a dark, moonless and starless night, a forest is not dark. You can see luminescent mushrooms (of which there are over 70 different species), luminescent moulds, you can see sparks when you take off your pullover or when your friend bites a mint bonbon or when you unroll a roll of adhesive tape or open a letter. ∗∗ How do you produceX-rayswitharollofadhesive tape? ∗∗ The number of optical illusions is enormous, and there are manytime-wastingwebsites devoted to the topic. Films often use the so-called Ames room to transform actors into dwarfs.ItisshowninFigure147. Motion Mountain – The Adventure of Physics copyright © Christoph Schiller June 1990–November 2015 free pdf file available at www.motionmountain.net
displaying images 199 F I G U R E 147 Ames rooms in Paris and in San Francisco (© Sergio Davini, David Darling). Page 187 ∗∗ F I G U R E 148 Look at the central dot for twenty seconds: the colours will disappear (© Kitaoka Akiyoshi). Theeyeandthebrainsometimesaddfalsecolours,aswehave seen above in the discussionofcones.AlsoHaidinger’sbrushisanexampleofaddedcolours.Incontrast,sometimesthebrain andtheeye make coloursdisappear, asshownin Figure 148. (Theeffect onlyworkswithacolour version of the figure.)The example is taken from the beautiful collection of visual illusions at www.psy.ritsumei.ac.jp/~akitaoka/color9e.html. Several related illusions, based on this one, use moving coloured dots. ∗∗ Motion Mountain – The Adventure of Physics copyright © Christoph Schiller June 1990–November 2015 free pdf file available at www.motionmountain.net
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ChristophSchiller MOTION MOUNTAIN t
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Editiovicesima octava. Proprietassc
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DieMenschenstärken,die Sachenklär
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8 preface PHYSICS: Describing motio
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10 preface Your donation to the cha
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12 contents Do we see what exists?
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Light, Charges and Brains Inourques
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16 1 electricity and fields F I G U
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18 1 electricityandfields F I G U R
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20 1 electricity and fields nylon r
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24 1 electricity and fields TA B L
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28 1 electricity and fields Challen
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30 1 electricity and fields If elec
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34 1 electricityandfields F I G U R
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42 1 electricity and fields Oersted
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44 1 electricity and fields Vol. IV
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48 1 electricity and fields Ref. 24
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50 1 electricity and fields Page 21
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52 1 electricity and fields Ref. 29
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64 1 electricity and fields battery
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68 1 electricity and fields e πdU
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Vol. IV, page 231 Chapter 2 THE DES
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76 2 the description of electromagn
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Chapter 3 WHAT IS LIGHT? Ref. 57 Pa
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96 3 what is light? Electric field
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98 3 what is light? spark transmitt
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100 3 what is light? Ref. 59 Page 1
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102 3 what is light? primary infrar
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104 3 what is light? Page 84 gases
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106 3 what is light? Fre - Waveleng
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108 3 what is light? Challenge 110
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110 3 what is light? incoming light
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112 3 what is light? Ref. 70 Challe
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114 3 what is light? F I G U R E 69
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116 3 what is light? light Ref. 72
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118 3 what is light? light Challeng
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120 3 what is light? momentumLis gi
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122 3 what is light? Ref. 80 Challe
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126 3 what is light? Ref. 87 Page 9
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130 3 what is light? v ph v So F I
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132 3 what is light? The forerunner
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134 3 what is light? vocabulary. On
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136 3 what is light? source beam sp
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138 3 what is light? B B Beam in A
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Chapter 4 IMAGES AND THE EYE - OPTI
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142 4 images and the eye - optics 2
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144 4 images and the eye - optics C
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146 4 images and the eye - optics R
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248 7 the story of the brain Vol. I
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250 7 the story of the brain Ref. 2
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252 7 the story of the brain Ref. 2
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254 7 the story of the brain ∗∗
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Chapter 8 THOUGHT AND LANGUAGE Ref.
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258 8 thought and language Challeng
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260 8 thought and language Vol. VI,
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262 8 thought and language F I G U
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264 8 thought and language Challeng
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266 8 thought and language Ref. 241
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268 8 thought and language Vol. IV,
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270 8 thought and language . . 0 1
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272 8 thought and language Ref. 251
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274 8 thought and language ⊳ Ever
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276 8 thought and language F I G U
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278 9 concepts, lies and patterns o
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Chapter 10 CLASSICAL PHYSICS IN A N
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322 10 classical physics in a nutsh
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328 a units, measurements and const
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342 challenge hints and solutions n
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344 challenge hints and solutions R
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346 challenge hints and solutions P
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348 challenge hints and solutions v
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350 challenge hints and solutions b
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352 challenge hints and solutions f
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354 challenge hints and solutions o
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356 challenge hints and solutions 4
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358 challenge hints and solutions C
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360 challenge hints and solutions V
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362 bibliography 10 Thiseffect hasf
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364 bibliography 37 A discussionof
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366 bibliography M.B. van der Mark
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368 bibliography Vol. I, page 96 19
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370 bibliography S.W. McCuskey, F.C
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372 bibliography 119 A complete lis
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374 bibliography F I G U R E 178 Th
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376 bibliography in unserer Zeit33,
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378 bibliography private communicat
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380 bibliography success of structu
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382 bibliography Vol. IV, page 135
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384 bibliography and 304. 260 For a
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386 bibliography Springer, 1996. wh
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CREDITS Acknowledgements Many peopl
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390 credits tute of Molecular Patho
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NAME INDEX A Abbott A Abbott,T.A.37
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396 name index D Democritus Democri
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398 name index H Holmes Holmes, C.D
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400 name index M Mohr Mohr, P.J. 38
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402 name index S Sheldon Sheldon, E
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404 name index Z Zybin Motion Mount
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406 subject index A units 328 Aplys
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408 subject index C classical class
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410 subject index E Earth Earth age
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412 subject index F finite finite 2
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414 subject index I infrared photog
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416 subject index L Lorentz Lorentz
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418 subject index M motion motion a
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420 subject index P physiologists p
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422 subject index S Scarabeus Scara
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424 subject index T table d’Unit
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426 subject index W Wien’s Wien
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