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FIJI Post-Disaster Needs Assessment The disability baseline study “Making Women with Disabilities Visible” (2010) found that 89 percent of people with disabilities were unemployed, 53 percent of whom were men and boys, while women and girls comprised the remaining 47 percent. Population aged 15 and over 599,402 The 2015 ILO Rapid Assessment on Child Labour in Fiji found that out of 186 working children interviewed, 50 percent were working in hazardous conditions in agriculture, construction, scrap metal collection, fishing and diving, in garages, and in illicit activities and commercial sexual exploitation. In the Labour force 386,390 64.5% Not in the Labour force 213,013 35.5% Poverty Poverty is a multifaceted issue in Fiji and while it can be seen and classified in many developing countries as extreme, poverty in Fiji is generally viewed as a hardship and instances of extreme poverty are very rare. This means that hardships in Fiji are generally related to lack of access to a fully nutritional diet, clean drinking water, improved sanitation, quality education and health care, and employment or income earning opportunities. 23 The country’s strong community-based agricultural and fishing traditions and traditional safety nets allow for an individual to be cared for within the community. This makes those living in poverty in Fiji far better off relative to those living in extreme poverty in some other countries. Employed 386,118 95.3% Money Income 273,354 76.0% Unemployed 18,272 4.7% No Money Income Subsistence 86,569 24.0% Figure 12: Labour Force Classification, 2010/2011 Source: Fiji Creating Quality Jobs: Employment Diagnostics Study. ILO/ADB 2015. 2.5 2.0 Percent 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 2002/03 2008/09 2013/14 Rural 40 43 36.3 Urban 28 17 20.8 National 35 31 28.4 Figure 13: Incidence of Poverty in Urban and Rural Areas Source: Fiji Bureau of Statistics. Household Income Expenditure Surveys 2002/2003, 2008/2009 and 2013/2014. The Fiji Bureau of Statistics (FBOS) has conducted three Household Income Expenditure Surveys (HIES) 24 over the years. Figure 13 shows that the overall incidence of poverty in Fijian households decreased from 35 to 28.4 percent between the 23 Pacific Financial Inclusion Programme (009. 24 Fiji Bureau of Statistics. HIES 2002/2003, 2008/2009 and 2013/2014. 25 Percent of the population below the Basic Needs Poverty Line (BNPL) popularly referred to as the head count ratio. 26 Preliminary findings from the 2013/2014 survey presented by the government statistician. 30 Tropical Cyclone Winston, February 20, 2016
FIJI Post-Disaster Needs Assessment 2002/2003 and the 2013/2014 HIES, 25,26 whereas the incidence of poverty in urban areas declined from 28 to 18 percent between 2002/2003 and 2008/2009 before increasing slightly to 20.8 percent as reported by the 2013/2014 survey. 27 The growing population living in more than 200 informal settlements in major towns and cities is contributing to this increase. Additionally, rural poverty increased slightly between the 2002/2003 and the 2008/2009 surveys due to the decline in the sugar industry and reduced loans to agriculture. However, the 2013/2014 HIES indicated a decline in the incidence of rural poverty, taking it below the 2002/2003 level, which is a result of the broader spread of economic opportunities emanating from the various government programmes that have targeted rural communities through training programmes and job creation. 28 Table 8: Incidence of Poverty (percent) by Division Household Income Expenditure Surveys 2002/2003 2008/2009 2013/2014 Total Population Population Living below the Basic Needs Poverty Line during the Period 2013/2014 Urban Central 24 16 8.0 259,941 20,795 Eastern 42 30 29.3 3,661 1,073 Northern 39 38 34.8 33,205 11,555 Western 33 17 22.1 133,944 29,602 Rural Central 29 36 35.8 98,335 35,204 Eastern 35 40 42.5 35,824 15,225 Northern 57 51 52.1 101,116 52,681 Western 38 43 26.5 179,239 47,498 National 35 31 28.4 845,265 240,055 Source: Fiji Bureau of Statistics. Household Income Expenditure Surveys 2002/2003, 2008/2009 and 2013/2014. In examining the incidence of poverty by division, the Northern Division continues to record the highest rate. 29 While the Western Division has the highest absolute number of rural people falling below the basic needs poverty line, the division has the lowest incidence of rural poverty (26.5 percent) as a proportion of the population. This level is half that of the rural north and almost ten percent less than the rural parts of the Central Division. The rural poverty rate fell sharply in the Western Division between 2009 (43 percent) and 2013/2014 (26.5 percent), which largely reflects the increase in employment associated with the tourism sector. Social Protection The government has put in place a range of social protection programmes to help those families struggling to meet their basic needs, including the: Poverty Benefit Scheme (PBS); Child Protection Allowance (CPA); Food Voucher Programme (FVP); Social Pension Scheme (SPS); the Bus Fare Subsidy; and the Expanded Food Voucher Programme for pregnant women in rural areas. These programmes are monitored by the Ministry of Women, Children and Poverty Alleviation, which ensures that assistance reaches the targeted groups. Since 2012, the government has allocated more than F$125 million to the four major social protection programmes, with a similar amount every year since then (Figure 14). While overall basic needs poverty levels have improved slightly, these figures show that the demand for social protection from vulnerable families has remained constant over time. It also shows the government’s commitment to provide social protection for the poor and vulnerable sectors of the population. Annex 3: Supplementary Material for Employment, Livelihoods and Social Assessment provides a comprehensive overview of the various poverty alleviation programmes implemented by the government since 2009 and the corresponding budget allocations for each programme. 27 According to the National Housing Policy 2011, over 15 percent of the urban population resides in over 200 informal settlements (squatters) in Fiji’s major towns and cities. The Greater Suva area, including Nasinu, has the largest number of squatters. 28 Draft National Development Plan. 29 The BNPL has two components; the Food Poverty Line (FPL) and the Non-Food Poverty Line. The FPL consists of a basket of foods which for the 2002/2003 analysis was derived from the expenditure patterns derived from the middle quintile (20 percent) of the rural and urban groups of the major ethnic groups. Tropical Cyclone Winston, February 20, 2016 31
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Damage to Ovalau Resort Source: Min
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