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FIJI Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Existing Infrastructure Division Total Central Eastern Northern Western Ecological Purification Systems 12 2 14 14 42 Wastewater Treatment Plants 6 1 4 11 Wastewater Pumping Stations 98 16 58 172 Wastewater Pumps 218 32 122 372 Urban Waste Management Schemes 4 3 2 4 13 Source: WAF. Assessment of Disaster Effects on the Water and Sanitation Sector (F$25 million) Damage to the Water and Sanitation Sector (F$17 million) The total damage to the water and sanitation sector was estimated to be F$16.9 million. Water: WAF services were severely affected by debris, strong winds, rainfall and surface flooding, storm surges and system failures due to power outages. 532 rural water schemes were also affected with damaged pipes and restricted access to clean water sources. Damage to WAF assets included: Sanitation: Damage to wastewater management and sanitary facilities, such as toilet and household septic tanks, affected approximately 20,500 households. Damage to WAF sanitation assets included tearing of liners of wastewater treatment lagoons, and damage to pumping station equipment and property. Solid Waste: According to the Ministry of Local Government, Housing, Environment, Infrastructure and Transport, no damage to solid waste-related infrastructure occurred. Losses to the Water and Sanitation Sector (F$8 million) Water and Sanitation: Losses to the sector are derived from higher operating costs and lower operational revenues. WAF mobilized power generators to operate pumping stations where possible, and, in other cases, provided water carting services and bailing until water supply systems were operational. As a result, WAF incurred significant unanticipated costs amounting to an estimated F$4.4 million for emergency purchasing of generators, hiring water trucks, hiring wastewater bailing trucks and paying staff overtime. In addition, the estimated revenue loss due to water supplies reaching fewer customers was F$0.06 million. Solid Waste: According to data obtained from the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport, an estimated 31,300 tons of waste was disposed in urban waste management systems, including 102 tons of food, which was condemned by municipal sanitary health inspectors as unfit for consumption following power interruption. Organic waste (e.g., coconut fronds, tree branches, etc.) was carted to disposal sites or, in the case of the Suva City Council, composted in parks for reuse. Local governments provided free service to pick up solid waste from individual properties and public areas, with assistance from the <strong>Fiji</strong> Military Force, <strong>Fiji</strong> Corrections Service and the National Fire Authority. The cost for disposing waste in landfills was estimated at F$0.8 million, and extra operation costs for hiring waste collection vehicles amounted to F$1.4 million. The rural waste that was generated was estimated to be 15,700 tons, and indirect management costs were estimated at F$1.3 million. The cost of waste collection and disposal was partly covered by municipal contingency funds, which are F$0.1 million each. This funding is allocated each year and redistributed at the end of the year when there are no contingencies. Table 55: Damage and Losses in the Water and Sanitation Sector by Subsector (F$ million) Subsector Damage Losses Total Effects Water 16.5 3.9 20.4 Sanitation 0.4 0.5 0.9 Solid waste 0.0 3.5 3.5 Total 16.9 7.9 24.8 Source: Estimations by Assessment Team. 84 Tropical Cyclone Winston, February 20, 2016
FIJI Post-Disaster Needs Assessment Table 56: Damage and Losses in the Water and Sanitation Sector by Division (F$ million) Division Damage Losses Total Effects Central 2.9 2.3 5.2 Eastern 1.9 0.2 2.1 Northern 4.5 0.7 5.2 Western 7.6 4.7 12.3 Total 16.9 7.9 24.8 Source: Estimations by Assessment Team. Table 57: Damage and Losses in the Water and Sanitation Sector by Ownership (F$ million) Private Public Total Damage 0.0 16.9 16.9 Loss 0.1 7.8 7.9 Total 0.1 24.7 24.8 Source: Estimations by Assessment Team. Social Impact of Damage and Losses Anecdotal information relates to water transportation over longer distances. 104 The humanitarian response WASH Cluster distributed supplies (e.g., purification tablets and hygiene kits) to 24,000 people. The WAF network experienced power outages, which affected the water supply and wastewater systems. Increased risks and vulnerabilities from the disaster included public health concerns due to the existence of solid waste in public and private areas. The municipalities addressed this by increasing operational costs and, accordingly, all the excess waste was collected by March 31. Restoring access to the water supply and sanitation services is critical to reducing public health and safety risks, particularly for women and girls, who are largely responsible for household water security and sanitation. Thus, water supply disruptions caused by TC Winston disproportionately impacted on women and girls who had to spend more time fetching clean water, especially in the days immediately following the cyclone. For example: water to meet their daily requirements. water. identified water storage and access to clean water as a priority that must still be addressed. Limited access to water combined with disruptions to the electricity supply in some affected areas also means that the time required to do laundry has increased from about 30 minutes to three hours. In areas where the water supply remains disrupted, the ability of women and girls to engage in other productive and income-generating activities has been curtailed. Even in places where water is being supplied, the amount provided is less than the normal household daily intake before the cyclone. This decreased supply could compromise the ability of households to manage their waste needs and could lead to a deterioration in sanitary conditions, especially in light of continued rains. Lack of proper sanitation and access to clean water poses a health threat to women and girls, in particular, given their role in providing water and ensuring water security. In general, reduced water quantity and quality in response to reduced water supply could create health problems for women and children under five. The Damage to WASH facilities, lack of privacy and segregated facilities, and poor light resulting from TC Winston could increase the risk of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) to women and girls. As most of the rural water supply is through rural water schemes, enabling communities to restore their water supply should be prioritized in order to reduce the burden that women and girls are currently facing in securing household water and maintaining good sanitary conditions. 104 An attempt at estimating rural loss is as follows, but is not included in the overall figures of this report: extra water bought or transported longer distances for communities not covered by urban or rural water schemes – F$0.9 million; and increased costs due to insufficient disposal of liquid and solid waste – F$0.8 million. Tropical Cyclone Winston, February 20, 2016 85
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Damage to Ovalau Resort Source: Min
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