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increase in dietary lysine level causes increase in serum total protein level, which is opposite to<br />

the present results.<br />

Serum Urea: Serum urea or blood urea nitrogen is indicator of normal liver function. Liver<br />

converts highly toxic ammonia into less toxic urea and uric acid which is then excreted from<br />

faeces of the birds. Highest value of urea in the birds fed with 3 phase diet suggests that 3 phase<br />

diet is optimum for the normal function of liver and hence normal growth of birds. Similar<br />

finding were reported by Powell et al. (2009) that increase in lysine level caused increase in<br />

serum urea and uric acid.<br />

Conclusion:<br />

So phase feeding is beneficial as compared to 1 phase diet or 2 phase diet. 3-phase diet contains<br />

less lysine level as compared to NRC requirements, so by feeding on less lysine level, better<br />

results can be obtained, when fed with low CP diet. This would result in decrease in feed cost,<br />

which is beneficial for poultry farmers.<br />

References<br />

Duncan DB. 1995. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics. 11; 1-42<br />

Gornal AG. Bardawill CJ, David MM. 1949. Determination of serum protein by means of<br />

biuret reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 177; 751.<br />

Javad N. and Farshid K. 2011. Effect of Different levels of Lysine on carcass yields &<br />

composition in broiler. J. Res. Opin .Anim. Vet. Sci, 1(10): 655-661.<br />

Kerr BJ, Kidd MT, Halpin KM, McWard GW. 1999. Lysine level increase live performance<br />

and breast yield in male broilers. J Appl <strong>Poultry</strong> Res. 8:381-390.<br />

Kidd MT, Kerr MK, Halpin KM, Mcward GW, Quarles CL. 1998. Lysine levels in starter and<br />

grower finisher diets affect broiler performance and carcass traits. J. App. <strong>Poultry</strong> Res.<br />

7:353-358.<br />

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J Nutr. 75:319-329.<br />

Labadan MCJr, Hsu KN, Austic RE., 2001. Lysine and arginine requirements of broiler<br />

chickens at two to three week intervals to eight weeks of age .Poult Sci. 80: 599-606.<br />

Leclereq B. 1998. Specific effects of lysine on broiler production: comparison with threonine<br />

and valine. Poult. Sci, 77:118-123.<br />

Mahdavi A. Shivazad M. Alemi F. Zaghari M. Moravej H. Darabighane B. 2012. Digestible<br />

lysine requirement of broilers based on practical diet. Italian journal of Animal Science.<br />

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Nutrient Requirements of <strong>Poultry</strong>, 9th revised ed., National Academy Press, Washington, DC,<br />

1994.<br />

Peebles ED. Cheaney JD. Brake JD. Boyle CR. Latour MA. McDaniel CD. 1997. Effects of<br />

added lard fed to broiler chickens during the starter phase. 1 . Body and selected organ<br />

weights, feed conversion , hematology and serum glucose. Poult. Sci. 76:1641-1647.<br />

Powell S, Bidner TD, Southern LL. 2009. The interactive effects of glycine , total sulfur amino<br />

acids, and lysine supplementation to corn-soybean meal diets on growth performance and<br />

serum uric acid and urea concentrations in broilers. Poult Sci. 88(7):1407-12<br />

Roeschlau P, Bernt E, Gruber WJ. 1974. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 12;403.<br />

Ronald OB, Kristine LU, Paul, BP 2007. Nutritional consequences of interspecies difference in<br />

arginine and lysine metabolism. J Nutr, 137, 1626-1641.<br />

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