3rd International Poultry Meat Congress

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P 29 The Impacts of National and <strong>International</strong> Standards on Organic Broiler Production in Developing Countries: Turkey Case Kadir Erensoy, Hakan Bayraktar, Çiğdem Şeremet Tuğalay Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science., Bornova, İzmir, Turkey Abstract The characteristics of the organic chicken production process pretty differ than from the conventional. Chicken is deemed organic when it has been produced in accordance with a certain standards. The relationship between organic market and national standards became more important in last decade. For example most organic standards recommend the use of suitable breeds for an organic production whereas EU organic livestock regulation requires breeds for meat production to be of a strain known to be slow growing. There are also minimum slaughter ages for organically kept poultry, this is 81 days for fattening chickens in EU standards and 63 days in BIO-SUISSE. Housing and feeding are important criterias in fattening poultry breeding, but they vary in existing organic standards. All organic standards state that ideally 100% of the diet should be organic, but give some allowance for some non-organic components of the diet under the current situation. Health issues in organic broiler production are controversial. EU and IFOAM regulations permit to use antibiotics whereas USDA NOP prohibits. As shown there are many differences among standards. Establishing an organic poultry market and improving requires a careful and gradual approach. The aim of this article is to give knowledge about certain requirements for the organic broiler production in different standards and highlights the some problems on organic broiler production. Keywords: Organic broiler production, organic standards, genotype, housing, feeding, health. Introduction The relationship between organic market and national standards became more important in last decade. Although Turkey is one of the largest poultry producers in the world, share of the organic egg and chicken market is less than %1 yet. The first national legislation on organic animal production published in 2005 and it has been improved according to the EU standards and came into force in 2010 finally. The term organic is clearly defined in EU law and standards have been developed in Turkey in compliance with that EU law. The Turkish Standards implement Regulation (EC) 1804/99, including several more stringent requirements. The genetic material needed for commercial poultry production is provided from the international breeding companies in Turkey. Hence, only one breeding government research station is performed the genetic selection for egg production with national breeds. The grandparent generation of layers and broilers are imported to Turkey from the international breeding companies. Broilers have a similar production chain as for layers. Turkey does not have a national stock of the grandparent generation for broiler production. The characteristics of the organic chicken production process pretty differ than from the 220
conventional. The label “organic chicken” cannot be used loosely. Chicken is deemed organic when it has been produced in accordance with a certain standards. Organic poultry producers must establish preventative health and management practices. Most organic standards recommends the use of suitable breeds for an organic production. Management involves monitoring poultry health; ensuring that the poultry house is maintained with appropriate brooding, rearing, growing conditions; and ensuring that recommended vaccinations are given and appropriate feeding programs are used. On the other hand, for the animal to be considered organic, it would be necessary to utilize techniques that promote the optimization of natural and socioeconomic resources, reducing the dependence on non-renewable energies. The less prepared feed, the more rustic lineages and the lack of antibiotics lead to slower growth of the animal and higher mortality index, reducing the productivity and profitability of organic production. The aim of this article is to give knowledge about certain requirements for the organic broiler production in different standards and highlights the some problems on organic broiler production. Details relating to standards, derogations, certification bodies, breed choice and suitability, house design and stocking density, outside runs and pasture management, feeding issues, manure usage, marketing and economics need more investigation. Some derogations can be allowed for the developing countries to improve their national organic poultry markets as well as Turkey. Stock and Management There are differences between breeds/hybrids regarding behavior, feed efficiency, health and production. The literature show that slow or moderate growing genotypes seems to be more suitable for organic production. Most organic standards recommend the use of suitable breeds for an organic production. The EU organic livestock regulation requires breeds for meat production to be of a strain known to be slow growing (1). But the slower growing animals have a less efficient production compared to the very fast growing commercial broilers. Indigenous poultry can cope better with the harsh conditions often prevailing in developing countries, and good management will improve their performance. <strong>Poultry</strong> for meat production can only be purchased at one day old and have to be managed according to organic standards for their whole lifetime. Ideally these would be organically reared, but there are derogations until organically reared animals are available in adequate numbers which allow conventionally reared stocks subject to certain limits. These problem is not solved for many countries and because of the lack of an organic breeder, solution seems to not simple. The NOP does not require the origin of the birds to be organic. In fact, there are currently no certified organic poultry hatcheries in the United States. Nonorganic chicks may be used but must be under organic management after the second day after hatching (2). Although slow growing genotypes were used in organic production in the EU, conventional hybrids may be an alternative in developing countries for their national markets. There are also minimum slaughter ages for organically kept poultry, this is 81 days for fattening chickens in EU standards. It means a problem in practice for commercial breeds, since they grow too fast for kept until 81 days. BIO SUISSE standards that period is 63 days. In Soil Association organic standards also require that organic must be used if available; under organic management after 3 days, must be organic for at least 10 weeks. While conversion period is 10 weeks in EU Standards, its 56 days in BIO-SUISSE. 221
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Healthy Chicken Information Platfor
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Welcome Organisation and Committees
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of Turkey’s most popular holiday
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NO O01 O02 O03 O04 O05 O06 O07 O08
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O35 O36 O37 O38 O39 O40 O41 O42 O43
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P16 P17 P18 P19 P20 P21 P22 P23 P24
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ORAL PRESENTATIONS
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improvements in genetic potential,
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Table 2. Summary of feed conversion
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Table 5. Comparisons of egg weight
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of 2 or more yolks at the same time
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18. Alvarez R, Hocking PM: Changes
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e the most important variable to co
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late incubation is considerable, ma
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as precursor for gluconeogenesis is
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References Barri, A., C.F. Honaker,
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USA. Romijn, C. and W. Lokhorst. 19
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O 04 Comparison of Some Production
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References: 1. Directive 2001/18/EC
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Animal agriculture is a major playe
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Figure 2:Ecological improvement pot
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O 07 Challenges of Animal By Produc
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isks or animal byproducts contamina
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O 08 Food Safety Based on Risk Anal
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O 10 Broiler Chicken Pectoral Myopa
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of growth, management practices tha
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O 11 Ventilation Basics For Modern
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The Moving Target: Temperature For
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Types of Fan-Powered Ventilation Se
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How Tunnel Ventilation Works The go
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floor. High-efficiency recirculatin
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Conclusion/Summary It is imperative
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O 13 Effect of Flock Age (27 Wk: Yo
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O 15 Quality Control in Vaccine Pro
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EU Guidelines to GMP (Good Manufact
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EU Guidelines to GMP (Good Manufact
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What is special about Salmonella ?
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Salmonella Legislation in the EU Re
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History of human Salmonella infecti
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Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium -
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O 17 Energy Transformation of Organ
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POULTRY LITTER to ENERGY Biogas Fer
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POULTRY LITTER to ENERGY Biogas Fer
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POULTRY LITTER to ENERGY Biomass Ga
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POULTRY LITTER to ENERGY Biomass Ga
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POULTRY LITTER to ENERGY Biomass Co
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RESOURCE TYPE PART $ cent/kWh SOLAR
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POULTRY LITTER to ENERGY Legal Issu
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O 18 Challenges and Opportunities i
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O 20 Presence and Biocontrol of Lis
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O 22 Human Salmonellosis Attributab
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practices that can help the process
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O 24 Effects of Prebiotics, Probiot
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performance, some carcass and tibia
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Results Phytase supplementation ten
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Table 2. Effect of Panbonis, Phytas
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Table 5. Effects of Panbonis, Phyta
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O 27 Effect of Relative Humidity Du
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ut typically from 3 - 4 weeks of ag
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conformation and fat reserve deposi
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according to recommendations had be
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Robinson, F.E., Wilson, J.L., Yu, M
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O 30 Recent Developments in the Use
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to be essential for growth. However
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protein production. The next decade
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O 31 Nitrogen Corrected Metabolizab
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trial was to evaluate the interacti
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isoleucine, glycine, and glutamic a
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Table 1. Experimental design of the
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O 33 The Effect of Different Levels
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weekly higher and mean feed intake
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increase in dietary lysine level ca
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Table 2- Body Weight Gain (g) in se
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O 34 Effects of Genetic Selection o
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Table 2. Breast muscle quality of 3
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the basis of published information,
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Michelan Filho T, Rosa AF, Felicio
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O 36 The False Perceptions About Ch
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the birds are washed/rinsed and chi
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contaminated area might have to be
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Table 1 Increase in broiler process
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O 39 Incidence of C. perfringens in
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O 41 New Strategies to Improve Broi
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Action may include a visit to the p
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978 90 8686 112 4 Wageningen Academ
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O 43 Effect of Maternal Stress on R
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O 45 Further Understanding IBV is E
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References 1. Assayag, M. S., J. L.
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O 47 Rapid Detection of Infectious
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Page 202 and 203: P 02 Effects of Early Feed Restrict
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Page 206 and 207: days of the trial. However, feed ef
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Page 210 and 211: P 06 Decontamination of Poultry Car
Page 212 and 213: P 08 Insects as an Alternative Feed
Page 214 and 215: P 10 Evaluation of Feed Grade Enzym
Page 216 and 217: P 12 Effects of Dietary Olive Leaf
Page 218 and 219: P 14 Factors Affecting Performance
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Page 222 and 223: P 18 Foot Pad Dermatitis in Broiler
Page 224 and 225: P 20 Effects of Varying Dietary Val
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Page 238 and 239: Housing Housing is an important cri
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Page 242 and 243: P 30 Estimation of Optimum Slaughte
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Page 248 and 249: P 36 Recent Developments in Amino A
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Page 256 and 257: Table 1. Influence of diet energy l
Page 258 and 259: P 41 Effect of Dietary Supplementat
Page 260 and 261: P 43 Assessment of Poultry Sector i
Page 262 and 263: Fig. 1: Mutant with retarded growth
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Page 266 and 267: P 46 Does Phytase Mean just Ca and
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Notlar / Notes:
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Notlar / Notes:
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3rd International Poultry Meat Congress

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