Informe El medio ambiente en Europa: Estado y perspectivas 2020

PART 2
TABLE 7.1
Overview of selected policy objectives and targets (cont.)
Policy objectives and targets Sources Target year Agreement
Climate change adaptation
All Member States are encouraged to adopt comprehensive
adaptation strategies
EU strategy on adaptation to climate
change (Commission Communication
and Council Conclusions) (EC, 2013b;
Council of the European Union, 2013)
2017 Non-binding
commitment
Climate-proofing EU action: mainstream adaptation measures
into EU policies and programmes
EU strategy on adaptation to climate
change (Commission Communication
and Council Conclusions) (EC, 2013b;
Council of the European Union, 2013)
N/A
Non-binding
commitment
Climate change finance
Climate action objectives will represent al least 20 % of EU spending
(in the period 2014-2020)
EU Multi-annual financial framework
(Commission proposal, endorsed by
Council and Parliament) (EC, 2011;
European Council, 2013)
2014-
2020
Non-binding
commitment
Developed countries will jointly mobilise USD 100 billion annually
to address the mitigation and adaptation needs of developing
countries
Copenhagen Accord (UN), Paris
Agreement (UN), SDG target 13.4 (UN)
(UNFCCC, 2010, 2015b; UN, 2015)
2020 International
treaty
Note:
7th EAP, Seventh Environment Action Programme; ETS, Emissions Trading System; GHG, greenhouse gas; IPCC, Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change; SDG, Sustainable Development Goal; UN, United Nations; UNFCCC, United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change; N/A, non-applicable.
efforts to limit the temperature increase
to 1.5 °C. These global temperature
targets correspond directly to remaining
carbon budgets, i.e. to the amount of
greenhouse gases that human activities
can emit without exceeding a given level
of warming. The EU has implemented
many legislative acts aiming to reduce
the emissions of the most important
greenhouse gases and to enhance their
sinks (see Table 7.1). One feature of the
EU’s domestic climate legislation is that
it has the key objective of delivering
on the international commitments
agreed by heads of state. The other
feature is the internal consistency
between the quantified efforts required
by Member States and the agreed
international objectives binding the
EU Member States and the EU as a
whole. Specifically, with regard to the
provision and use of energy, renewable
energy and energy efficiency targets
and objectives for 2020 and 2030
were included as headline targets in
the Energy Union strategy (EC, 2015c),
along with minimum targets for
electricity interconnection (10 % by
2020 and 15 % by 2030), and flanked
by objectives in other dimensions.
The Energy Union and Climate Action
Regulation of 2018 (EU, 2018b) sets
out the legislative foundation that is
meant to deliver a reliable, inclusive,
cost‐efficient, transparent and
predictable governance of the Energy
Union and climate action, for the
purpose of ensuring that the 2030 and
long-term objectives and targets of
the Energy Union, in line with the 2015
Paris Agreement, are achieved.
In contrast, there is no single metric for
measuring the success of adaptation to
climate change. As a result, the policy
targets for adaptation at the global and
European levels are less quantifiable,
and most monitoring activities so far
focus on the adaptation process rather
than on quantitative outcomes. In
addition to the adaptation policies and
targets mentioned explicitly in Table 7.1,
climate change adaptation also requires
‘mainstreaming’ — or making part of
everyday practice — in many other EU
policies addressing climate‐sensitive
issues. Of particular relevance are
policies for disaster risk reduction (e.g.
EU Civil Protection Mechanism, EU
action plan on the Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction), the common
agricultural policy, the common fisheries
policy, the Floods Directive, the Water
Framework Directive, the forest policy,
the nature directives, and policies related
to public health. The effectiveness
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