Informe El medio ambiente en Europa: Estado y perspectivas 2020

PART 2
TABLE 8.1
Overview of selected policy objectives and targets
Policy objectives and targets Sources Target year Agreement
Emissions of air pollutants
Attain emission ceilings and reduction
commitments for the main air pollutants SO x
,
NO x
, NMVOCs, NH 3
and primary PM 2.5
(for the
latter, only reduction commitments)
CLRTAP (UNECE, 1979) and protocols
(UNECE, 2019), (particularly the 2012
amended Gothenburg Protocol)
Ceilings: 2010, remain
applicable until 2019
Reduction commitments:
2020 and beyond
Legally binding to
the Parties to the
Gothenburg Protocol
SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy);
SDG 13 (Climate action)
SDGs 2030
Attain EU Member State and EU emission
ceilings and reduction commitments for the
main air pollutants SO x
, NO x
, NMVOCs, NH 3
and primary PM 2.5
(for the latter, reduction
commitments only)
NEC Directive (EU, 2016) (transposes
the reduction commitments for 2020
agreed by the EU and its Member
States under the 2012 amended
Gothenburg Protocol (CLRTAP); more
ambitious reduction commitments
agreed for 2030)
SDG 7 (Affordable and clean energy);
SDG 13 (Climate action)
Ceilings for 2010, Annex I
(and Annex II, environmental
objectives for SO x
, NO x
and
NMVOCs): remain applicable
until 2019
Reduction commitments:
2020 and 2030
SDGs 2030
Legally binding (only
Annex I ceilings)
Air quality
Attain limit values for SO 2
, NO 2
, C 6
H 6
, CO, Pb,
PM 10
and PM 2.5
; achieve target values for PM 2.5
,
O 3
, As, Cd, Ni and BaP; the long-term objective
for O 3
; the national exposure reduction target
and the exposure concentration obligation for
PM 2.5
; and critical levels for SO 2
and NO x
Ambient Air Quality Directives
(EU, 2004, 2008)
Clean Air Programme for Europe
(EC, 2013a)
SDG 11 (Sustainable cities)
2005/2010/2013/2015/2020
2020
SDG 2030
Legally binding
Achieve levels of air quality that do not give rise
to significant negative impacts on, and risks to,
human health and the environment (in line with
the WHO air quality guidelines)
7th EAP (EC, 2013b), Clean Air
Programme for Europe (EC, 2013a)
N/A
Non-binding
commitment
Impacts on human health and well-being
By 2030, substantially reduce the number of
deaths and illnesses from air pollution
By 2030, cut the health impacts of air pollution
(in terms of premature mortality due to PM and
O 3
) by 52 % compared with 2005
Impacts on ecosystems
SDG 3.9 (Ensure healthy lives and
promote well-being for all at all ages)
Clean Air Programme for Europe
(EC, 2013a)
2030 Non-binding
commitment
2030 Non-binding
commitment
No exceedances of the critical loads and levels 7th EAP (EC, 2013b) N/A Non-binding
commitment
By 2030, reduce the ecosystem area exceeding
eutrophication limits to 35 %
Clean Air Programme for Europe
(EC, 2013a), NEC Directive (indirectly)
(EU, 2016)
2030 Non-binding
commitment
Note:
As, arsenic; BaP, benzo[a]pyrene; C 6
H 6
, benzene; Cd, cadmium; CO, carbon monoxide; NH 3
, ammonia; Ni, nickel; NMVOCs, non-methane
volatile organic compounds; NO 2
, nitrogen dioxide; NO x
, nitrogen oxides; Pb, lead; PM 2.5
, fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 µm diameter);
PM 10
, particulate matter ≤ 10 µm diameter; O 3
, ozone; SDG, Sustainable Development Goal; SO 2
, sulphur dioxide; SO x
, sulphur oxides;
WHO, World Health Organization; N/A, non-applicable.
SOER 2020/Air pollution
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