Informe El medio ambiente en Europa: Estado y perspectivas 2020

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PART 4Conclusions3
18.Where do wego from here?4
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The European environment —state a
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Cover design: EEACover photo: © Si
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ContentsPart 1Setting the scenePart
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I.ForewordThe European environment
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II.Executive summarySOER 2020 in a
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world, such as water, land, biomass
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EU policies have been more effectiv
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But governments also need to find w
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Sustainability needs to becomethe g
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00.Reporting onthe environmentin Eu
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PART 1SOER 2020/Foreword
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PART 1TABLE 0.1 The focus and conte
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PART 1BOX 0.1State of the environme
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PART 1BOX 0.1State of the environme
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PART 1BOX 0.2EEA-Eionet cooperation
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01.Assessing theglobal-Europeancont
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PART 1SOER 2020/Reporting on the en
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PART 1FIGURE 1.1Indicators for glob
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PART 1The loss and degradationof ou
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PART 1When will human‐inducedpres
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PART 1BOX 1.1Tipping points, critic
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PART 1© Antonio Atanasio Rincón,
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PART 1FIGURE 1.6 Trends in global d
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PART 1time they are the root causes
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PART 1FIGURE 1.7Share of Europe’s
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PART 1BOX 1.3Operationalising the c
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02.Europe’spolicies andsustainabi
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PART 1Summary• Recognising persis
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PART 1European environmentaland cli
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PART 1United States announced its w
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PART 1BOX 2.2The EU’s Seventh Env
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PART 1© Bojan Bencec, WaterPIX/EEA
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PART 1FIGURE 2.2The emerging EU env
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2
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4par A
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03.Biodiversityand nature72
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PART 2SOER 2020/Introduction Part 2
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PART 2The 2020 headline target is
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PART 2FIGURE 3.1 Area of Natura 200
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PART 2FIGURE 3.3Trends in conservat
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PART 2TABLE 3.3Summary assessment
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PART 2FIGURE 3.5 Common birds popul
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PART 2of the objectives of the natu
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04.Freshwater2
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PART 2par AKey messages• Water is
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PART 2FIGURE 4.1Selection of links
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PART 2and storage, and flood protec
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PART 2BOX 4.1Examples of solutions
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PART 2MAP 4.2Country comparison —
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PART 2© Chris Happel108 SOER 2020/
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PART 2setting legally binding objec
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05.Land and soil2
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PART 2par AKey messages• Land and
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PART 2TABLE 5.1Overview of selected
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PART 2FIGURE 5.1 Change in six majo
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PART 2FIGURE 5.2 Country comparison
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PART 2provide ecosystem services be
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PART 2crop yields by 2.5-15 %, but
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PART 2MAP 5.5Calculated nitrogen su
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06.Marineenvironment2
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par AKey messages• Marine life is
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PART 2people and several maritime a
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PART 2FIGURE 6.1Mean annual product
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PART 26.3.2Pressures and their impa
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PART 2FIGURE 6.3Cumulative number o
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PART 2© Bo Eide144 SOER 2020/Marin
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PART 2FIGURE 6.5Trends in the numbe
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PART 2From 2012 to 2016, the EU alm
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07.Climate change2
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PART 2SOER 2020/Climate ChangeKey m
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PART 2TABLE 7.1Overview of selected
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PART 2FIGURE 7.1 Greenhouse gas emi
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PART 2TABLE 7.2 Trends in EU emissi
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PART 2biomass combustion, incentivi
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PART 2The lower carbon intensity of
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PART 2FIGURE 7.4MtoePrimary and fin
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PART 2Since the 1950s, and inpartic
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PART 2MAP 7.1Extreme heat waves in
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PART 2MAP 7.3Projected changes in t
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PART 2FIGURE 7.8Projected welfare i
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PART 2FIGURE 7.9Overview of major p
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PART 2are also part of the Energy U
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PART 2climate package (UNFCCC, 2015
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PART 2© Giulia Soriente, My City/E
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08.Air pollution2
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PART 2par AKey messages• Air poll
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PART 2FIGURE 8.1Trends in the main
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PART 2FIGURE 8.2EU progress towards
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PART 2FIGURE 8.3 EU-28 emission red
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PART 2MAP 8.1 Annual mean NO 2conce
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PART 2MAP 8.2Estimated years of lif
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PART 2FIGURE 8.6Examples of the mai
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PART 2‘Sentinel missions’. The
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09.Waste andresourcesin a circulare
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PART 2par AKey messages• Increasi
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PART 2FIGURE 9.1Circular economy sy
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PART 2FIGURE 9.2Trends in the circu
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PART 2FIGURE 9.7Progress towards se
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PART 2© Brendan Killeen226 SOER 20
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PART 2BOX 9.3National experience of
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10.Chemicalpollution2
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PART 2par AKey messages• European
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20:20PART 2FIGURE 10.1Point and dif
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PART 2Table 10.1 presents an overvi
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PART 2Between 2000 and 2017, the pr
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PART 2in which there are significan
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PART 2chemicals is not enough to ex
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PART 210.4.2Cross-cutting challenge
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11.Environmentalnoise2
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PART 2par AKey messages• Environm
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PART 2TABLE 11.1Overview of selecte
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PART 2FIGURE 11.1Number of people e
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PART 2FIGURE 11.3 Country compariso
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PART 2FIGURE 11.4Outlook for 2020 a
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PART 2BOX 11.3Effects of noise on w
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PART 2mapping are still incomplete,
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12.Industrialpollution2
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PART 2par AKey messages• Industry
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PART 2TABLE 12.1Selected policy obj
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PART 2BOX 12.1Success in reducing s
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PART 2FIGURE 12.3Emissions of key i
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PART 2FIGURE 12.5 Total pollutant e
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PART 2© Andrzej Bochenski, Picture
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PART 2FIGURE 12.6Estimated number o
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PART 2Europe will require additiona
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13.Environmentalpressuresand sector
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PART 2par ASummary• The EU Sevent
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PART 2market for environmental tech
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PART 2294 SOER 2020/Environmental p
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PART 2FIGURE 13.1Pressures and impa
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PART 2FIGURE 13.2Development of the
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PART 2implementation patterns vary
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PART 2The overall use of fish andsh
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PART 2Mediterranean Sea and the Bla
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PART 2© Boral Kambay, NATURE@work
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PART 260 %of forests in the EU-28 a
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PART 2FIGURE 13.3 EU GHG emissions
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PART 2FIGURE 13.4Value added and em
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PART 2Strengthening environmentalin
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14.Summaryassessment2
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PART 2par A4 par A
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PART 2FIGURE 14.1 Overview of non-b
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PART 2(1) biodiversity and ecosyste
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PART 2324 SOER 2020/Summary assessm
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PART 2use of nature-based solutions
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PART 2BOX 14.3Challenges, synergies
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PART 2• The situation in Europe i
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2
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15.Sustainabilitythrougha system le
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PART 2par ASummary• The EU has co
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PART 3a comprehensive global approa
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PART 3BOX 15.1Emerging trends: four
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PART 3BOX 15.2SDG interactionsIn 20
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PART 3(UN, 2015). World leaders hav
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16.Understandingsustainabilitychall
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PART 3par ASummary• European cons
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PART 3in high-tech products and eme
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PART 3The European food systemis ch
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PART 3Wyckhuys, 2019). Moreover,an
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PART 3the principles of agroecology
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PART 3FIGURE 16.2Final energy consu
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Page 363 and 364: PART 3in the demand for transport i
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Page 367 and 368: PART 3approach at the level of the
Page 369 and 370: © Rosana Grecchi, Sustainably Your
Page 371 and 372: PART 3to a loss of genetic diversit
Page 373 and 374: PART 3FIGURE 16.6Life cycle CO 2emi
Page 375 and 376: PART 3biophysical lock-ins, potenti
Page 377 and 378: 17.Respondingto sustainabilitychall
Page 379 and 380: PART 2par ASummary• Responding to
Page 381 and 382: PART 3By embracing transitions,demo
Page 383 and 384: PART 3FIGURE 17.2Applying the multi
Page 385 and 386: PART 3TABLE 17.2Changing innovation
Page 387 and 388: PART 3BOX 17.1Climathon: transforma
Page 389 and 390: PART 3FIGURE 17.3Demanding environm
Page 391 and 392: PART 3BOX 17.3Electric vehicle diff
Page 393 and 394: PART 3BOX 17.5Mainstreaming organic
Page 395 and 396: PART 3BOX 17.6Restructuring the Ger
Page 397 and 398: PART 3BOX 17.7HINKU: towards carbon
Page 399 and 400: PART 3FIGURE 17.6Trends in energy R
Page 401 and 402: PART 3BOX 17.8EnergiesprongShifting
Page 403 and 404: PART 3BOX 17.9Crowdfunding bottom-u
Page 405 and 406: PART 3about using creative and part
Page 407 and 408: PART 3FIGURE 17.10 Policy mixes for
Page 409 and 410: PART 3BOX 17.10Identifying emerging
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Page 415 and 416: PART 2par ASummary• Europe faces
Page 417 and 418: PART 4widespread environmental harm
Page 419 and 420: PART 4Better integration of environ
Page 421 and 422: PART 4420© SOER Ieva 2020/Where Br
Page 423 and 424: PART 4Equally, however, sustainabil
Page 425 and 426: AcknowledgementsSOER 2020 OVERALL C
Page 427 and 428: References(https://espas.secure.eur
Page 429 and 430: EC, 2018a, ‘Challenges for Europe
Page 431 and 432: Lucas, P. and Wilting, H., 2018, Us
Page 433 and 434: Commission for Europe, Oslo, Norway
Page 435 and 436: accessed 6 August 2019.EEC, 1975, C
Page 437 and 438: EC, 2015, Report from the Commissio
Page 439 and 440: breeding forest birds in southern F
Page 441 and 442: (2007/60/EC) Second River Basin Man
Page 443 and 444: Byrne, K. A. and et al., 2004, EU p
Page 445 and 446: Orgiazzi, A., et al., 2016, Global
Page 447 and 448: and Social Committee and the Commit
Page 449 and 450: Livsmedelsverket, 2018, ‘Dioxiner
Page 451 and 452: EC, 2015b, Communication from the C
Page 453 and 454: EEA, 2018g, ‘Progress on energy e
Page 455 and 456: No 41, Convention on Biological Div
Page 457 and 458: air-pollutant-emissions/assessment-
Page 459 and 460: EC, 2018b, Communication from the C
Page 461 and 462: Eurostat, 2019i, ‘Mining and quar
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Council and the European Parliament
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EU, 2008b, Regulation (EC) No 1272/
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report%20final.pdf) accessed 31 Oct
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technical specifications for intero
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EEA, 2019e, Industrial waste water
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Chaudhary, A., et al., 2016, ‘Imp
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European Environment Agency (https:
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Schelhaas, M.-J., et al., 2018, ‘
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(https://www.eea.europa.eu/publicat
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IPCC, 2018, Global warming of 1.5
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Committee of the Regions — A Euro
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accessed 1 September 2019.EEA, 2018
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Germany (https://www.boell.de/de/20
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interdisciplinarity) accessed 18 Ja
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EC, 2015a, Communication from the C
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of Helsinki (https://helda.helsinki
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energy finance landscape, with impl
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IPES Food, 2018, Towards a common f
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European Environment AgencyKongens
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Informe El medio ambiente en Europa: Estado y perspectivas 2020

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