Glossary Plant Breeding

are located in the cytosol. The net energy yield of this chain of reactions is the
production of two molecules of ATP from one molecule of glucose.
Golden Rice (Ye et al. 2000). Genetically engineered rice capable of synthesizing provitamin
A (ß carotene) in the endosperm thus giving golden yellow colour to the rice
grain. It contains two genes from daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) and the other
one from a bacterium, Erwinia uredovora. The biosynthetic pathway is:
IPP
GDP (Geranylgeranyl diphosphate)
Phytoene synthase (daffodil gene1, psy)
Phytoene
Phytoene desaturase (Bacterial gene, crt1)
ß-carotene desaturase (Bacterial gene, crt1)
Lycopene
Lycopene ß-cyclase (daffodil gene2)
ß-carotene (in endosperm giving yellow colour)
Geologic Time. Divisions and history of life on earth.
Glossary. A partial dictionary of a particular subject, explaining words, terms, and
concepts.
Glume. The outer husks or bracts of each spikelet in grasses.
Gossypol. A polyphenolic compound present in darkly-pigmented glands that occur
throughout the cotton plant. It reduces the availability of lysine and certain other
essential amino acids in cottonseed protein, and may cause toxicity if cottonseed meal
is fed in excess to young poultry stocks. The best way to reduce or remove gossypol is
to breed for glandless varieties. The glandless trait is expressed in the presence of two
recessive genes, gl 2 and gl 3 . These genes do not reduce lint yield or fibre quality, but
insects have a preference for glandless cotton.
GR 50 . The dose of the mutagen that reduces growth of irradiated materials or individuals
to 50%. Like LD 50 , it also varies with genotypes (within species) and plant species.
Empirical evidences do suggest that numerical values of these two parameters (GR 50
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