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142 SMITHSONIAN ANNALS OF FLIGHT something of a communications problem; Ley's English wasn't very good at that time, and our German was nonexistent. It was not easy to carry on technical conversations, but with the aid of drawings, sketches, and patient explanation on Ley's part, we managed it after a fashion. 5 Ley and his VfR associates, who included Rudolph Nebel, Klaus Riedel, and several others, then gave us the most memorable experience of the entire trip—a proving-stand test (Figure 1) of a small liquid-propellant rocket motor employing liquid oxygen and gasoline. Mrs. Pendray and I were not aware at the time that Goddard's successful shots since 1926 had been accomplished with liquid propellants, and this experiment at the Raketenflugplatz was the first of its kind we had witnessed. Upon our return I reported fully to the Society, on the evening of 1 May 1931, both the method and the promise of the German experiments. 6 A few days later Hugh F. Pierce, who was subsequently to become president of the Society and one FIGURE 1.—Author in 1931 visiting the proving ground of the Verein fiir Raumschiffahrt near Berlin. An early type of liquid-fuel rocket motor is in the thrust frame. From left, Willy Ley, Klaus Riedel, Rudolf Nebel, G. Edward Pendray. of the four original founders of Reaction Motors, Inc., proposed that the Society delay no longer the beginning of its own experimental program. An Experimental Committee was formed, with myself as chairman, and the Society's Rocket No. 1 was designed by Pierce and me. It was patterned in general after the "Two-Stick Repulsor" rocket of the VfR, designs for which I had discussed with Ley in Berlin. 7 The rocket (Figure 2) was constructed in a small machine shop Pierce had established in the basement of the apartment house where he lived. The propellant tanks consisted of two parallel cylindrical tubes of aluminum, each 5i/£ feet long and FIGURE 2.—ARS No. 1, during a demonstration and lecture at New York University (Washington Square Campus), in spring 1932. Hugh F. Pierce, who constructed the rocket, is packing the parachute in its container (made from a tencent-store saucepan) as G. Edward Pendray, co-designer of the rocket, holds the parachute. The cone-shaped nose was designed to open up at the height of the flight and eject the parachute. The parachute itself, made by Mrs. Leatrice M. Pendray from a scaled-down design for a professional aviation parachute, was of silk pongee. Photo from Pendray Collection, Princeton University Library.
a NUMBER 10 143 RKJ^iu ,*4 4*J FIGURE 3.—a, Testing ground, on a farm loaned to the Society near Stockton, New Jersey, used for test of ARS No. 1 on 12 November 1932. Near the trench is Mrs. Pendray, charter member of the society and an active participant in the experimental program. Working at the wooden launching rack are Pendray (left), Pierce (rear, facing camera); David Lasser (overcoat and hat) one of the founders of the society and its first president, and Dr. William Lemkin, member of the Experimental Committee. b, Pouring liquid oxygen into the tank of ARS No. 1 preparatory to testing, Pendray, chairman of the ARS Experimental Committee. On brace of the launching rack is electrical apparatus designed by Pierce for remote ignition and release of rocket. Photos from Pendray Collection, Princeton University Library. gt/tmm
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A Bibliographic Note The series Smi
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SMITHSONIAN ANNALS OF FLIGHT Throug
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1 Some Jet Propulsion Formulas of O
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SMITHSONIAN ANNALS OF FLIGHT FIGURE
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Appendix Considerations Concerning
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NUMBER 10 In the present case, ther
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42 Figure 15. The dispersion of the
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Robert H. Goddard and the Smithsoni
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FIGURE 4.—Presentation by Dr. Con
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Vladimir Mandl: Founding Writer on
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