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292 SMITHSONIAN ANNALS OF FLIGHT
FIGURE 9.—The Aviavnito rocket.
those early years. 7 That was accomplished and the
proof was convincing because it was done at a high
scientific and technical level and in a surprisingly
short time.
NOTES
Under the title Iz istorii sozdaniya pervykh sovetskikh
raket na zhidkom toplive, this article appeared on pages 154—
61 of Iz istorii astronavtiki i raketnoi tekhniki: Materialy
XVIII mezhdunarodnogo astronavticheskogo kongressa, Belgrad,
25-29 Sentyavrya 1967 [From the History of Rockets
and Astronautics: Materials of the 18th International Astronautical
Congress, Belgrade, 25-29 September 1967], Moscow:
Nauka, 1970.
On 4 March 1974 Mikhail K. Tikhonravov died in Moscow.
His obituary was carried in The Washington Post, 7 March
1974.—Ed.
1. Additional information on the formation of the Society
for Studying Interplanetary Travel is presented on p. 377
of The Soviet Encyclopedia of Space Flight (translated from
the Russian), G. V. Petrovich, ed., (Moscow: MIR Publishers,
1969); a reproduction of an OIMS meeting poster announcing
a public debate of 4 October 1924 in Moscow regarding a
reported launching of a moon rocket by Dr. Robert H.
Goddard on the previous 4 August and an account of F. A.
Tsander's participation in this delate appears on pp. 19-21
of F. A. Tsander's Problema poleta pri pomoshchi reaktivnykh
apparatov: Mezhplanetnyye polety [Problems of Flight by
Jet Propulsion: Interplanetary Flights], L. K. Korneyev, ed.,
2nd ed., enlarged (Moscow: Gos. Nauchno-Tekhn. lzd. Oborongiz,
1961); translated from the Russian and published
for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., by
the Israel Program for Scientific Translations, ed. Y. M.
Timnat, NASA TT F-147, (Jerusalem, 1964).—Ed.
2. "Soviet Engineers Constructing Two Rockets," Bulletin
of the American Interplanetary Society, no. 15 (January 1932),
p. 1.—Ed.
3. An 09 rocket on display is shown in Yu. A. Pobedonostsev,
"Behind the Luniks," Astronautics, January 1960,
p. 31; additional data on the 09 Project appears on pp. 126,
166, and 461 of The Soviet Encyclopedia of Space Flight
(see note 1)—Ed.
4. A sectioned 12-K engine is shown in Pobedonostsev,
"Behind the Luniks," p. 33.—Ed.
5. "Rocket Enters the Air," Pravda, no. 99 (6705), 9 April
1936.
6. An Aviavnito rocket on display is shown in Pobedonostsev,
"Behind the Luniks," p. 32.—Ed.
7. M. K. Tikhonravov and Yu. V. Biryukov, "Expression
of Ideas of K. E. Tsiolkovskiy in the Work of GIRD," Proceedings
of the First Symposium Dedicated to the Development
of the Scientific Principles and to the Development of
the Ideas of K. E. Tsiolkovskiy, Moscow, 1967, pp. 5-15.
Available in English translation as NASA TI F-0544, Transactions
of the First Lectures Dedicated to the Development
of the Scientific Heritage of K. E. Tsiolkovskiy, A. A. Blagonravov
et al., ed. (Washington: NASA, April 1970), 117 p.—Ed.