Research Results - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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Evaluation and Improvement of Small Ruminants in Extensive Management Systems Principal Investigator Montana State University Peter J. Burfening Peter J.Burfening, Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 Collaborating Scientists Juan Chavez, Animal Breeder, (Co-PI) UNA Victor Bustinza, Animal Breeder, (Co-PD UNA-P Rolandro Alancastre, Animal Scientist, UNA-P J.Berardinelli, Assistant Professor of Animal Science, MSU U.S. Institution Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717 Collaborating Institutions Universidad Nacional Agrwria (UNA), La Molina, Peru Universidad Nacional de Altiplano, Puno (UNA-P), Peru Instituto Nacional de Investigacion Agraria y Agroindustrial (INIAA), Lima, Peru Summary Results of sheep breeding studies over higher reproductive rates and higher lamb the past ten years have shown that heritabilities survival than the crossbred ewes. Therefore under the harsh high elevations of the Andean when measured in terms of kilograms of lamb environment were similar to those observed per ewe exposed, there was little difference in elsewhere in the world. Considerable variation productivity. is available within breeds for a selection program to make progress. However, general Research at Montana State University selection based upon phenotypic values are not evaluated physiological factors that have accurately assessed and as a consequence little changed as a result of selection for high and low progress has been observed. reproductive rates in Rambouillet sheep. Rams selected for low reproductive rates had a signifi- In the sheep breeding program, Criollo cantly smaller percentage of testis volume ewes were crossed with imported Targhee and represented by interstitial area. High line rams Finn cross rams and with Junin and Corriedale had a higher percentage of the total testis area rams. The resulting crossbred lambs in general represented by Leydig cells compared to the low grew faster and produced more wool than did selection line and the control. Further, the high the Criollo iambs. Criollo ewes, however, had line rams had more LH receptor sites than did . . . . " , rr ; 4 97
the low or control lines. These results indicate that selection for reproductive rate using an index that measures reproductive rate in females resulted in significant changes in testicular parameters. Much of the last half of the year was devoted to phasing down the active research projects and planning for the establishment of an Andean Small Ruminant Network. The breeding project has produced a book that is currently in press that is a compilation of the biology of the alpacas written by many of the biological scientists involved with the SR-CRSP in Peni Research Results Objectives The objectives of the breeding component of the of the Peru project this year was to complete as many publications as possible and to continue to analyze as much of our backlog of data as possible. Justification Over the last ten years the animal breeding component of the SR-CRSP in Peru had collected large amounts of data that were ready to be analyzed to evaluate the results of genetic improvement projects. Therefore, in the final year of the project in Peru work was focused on analyzing and publishing much of the data collected. In the 1989-90 workplan, a long list of publications was outlined; many of them were completed (see publication list). In summary, we found that heritabilities estimated under the harsh high elevatTon Andean environment are similar to those observed elsewhere in the world. This indicates that there is considerable genetic variation and a sound selection program within breed should result in considerable genetic progress. How- 98 ever, selection in general is being practiced on phenotypic values that are not accurately assessed. Thus little progress has been observed. In criollo sheep we have crossed the ewes with imported Targhee and Finn-cross rams and with Junin and Corriedale rams. In general, the crossbred lambs grew faster and produced more kilograms of wool than did the criollo lambs. The criollo ewes had higher reproductive rates and higher lamb survival than did the crossbred ewes. This is probably a result of better adaptation to the environment of the criollo ewes. Therefore, when expressed as kilograms of lamb weaned per ewe exposed there was little difference between the productivity of the criollo ewes or the crossbred ewes, with the criollo ewes having a small advantage. Work at MSU has dealt with the evaluation of physiological factors that have changed as a result of selection for high and low reproductive rate in Rambouillet sheep. This year's work has evaluated testicular and hormonal factors that have changed as a result of selection. Cardenas (1990) found that there was no difference in the area of the testis volume represented by seminiferous tubules but rams selected for low reproductive rate had a significantly (P
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198 199-... Annu..a Repo.. "" >' ''
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Small Ruminant Collaborative Resear
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41 Breeding More Prolific Strains o
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Foreword This 1989-90 Annual Report
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Maps Maps of the countries with whi
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Kenya ix
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Lima Peru xi
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Breeding a Genetically Improved Dua
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Toggenburg x 1/4 Anglo Nubian x 1/4
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HSA12 BOVINE MOUSE GAPD 13 TPI 1 12
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Over one-third of the phenotypic va
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example, the EAG does may have been
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years of age resulted in upward tre
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Figure 5. Fingerprinted with the M1
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not significant. This could imply t
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Table 9. Least squares constants &
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Blackburn, H.D., and J.F. Taylor. 1
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milk on a regular basis, only a sma
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Training Progress and Institutional
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Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
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With the DPG, farmers have acquired
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IDRC, and ILCA. The best performers
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kidded at the tasseling stage of th
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workshop held in Nairobi. Each pres
Page 49 and 50: * University of California, Davis B
Page 51 and 52: U.S. Institution Department of Anim
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Page 55 and 56: component of the US. participation
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Page 59 and 60: Java. Working Paper, SR-CRSP, Bogor
Page 61 and 62: Summary In Morocco cereal stubble r
Page 63 and 64: of cottonseed meal/day between week
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Page 67 and 68: By-Product and Crop Residue Utiliza
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Page 71 and 72: weights, lambs born, lamb birth wei
Page 73 and 74: Asystasia was the best, especially
Page 75 and 76: * Colorado State University Animal
Page 77 and 78: viral proteins are required for fur
Page 79 and 80: vitro propagation of its causative
Page 81 and 82: ined had variable levels of CPA ent
Page 83 and 84: flock has been verified. Although t
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Page 89 and 90: Myers, F.J., B.R. Madewell, P.H. Gu
Page 91 and 92: Bazalar, H. and C. McCorkle (eds.)
Page 93 and 94: can be devastating in susceptible p
Page 95 and 96: nymphs and adults. However, a high
Page 97 and 98: Other Contributions Contributions T
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Page 103 and 104: currently in press. In addition, a
Page 105 and 106: Range Research for Increasing Small
Page 107 and 108: Grazing and Animal Nutrition Studie
Page 109 and 110: Table 3. Results from the supplemen
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Page 115 and 116: Training Progress and Institutional
Page 117 and 118: Productivity of Artemisia herba-alb
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Page 121 and 122: Greater efficiency of digestion in
Page 123 and 124: Table 5. Dry matter consumption (kg
Page 125 and 126: Alpaca. Data is scare about alpacas
Page 127 and 128: Internatl. Stockman's School Handbo
Page 129 and 130: * University of Missouri Socioecono
Page 131 and 132: and data collection, with the aim o
Page 133 and 134: Publications The following publicat
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Page 137 and 138: Publications Thesis and Dissertatio
Page 139 and 140: Training Progress and Institutional
Page 141 and 142: Fernadez, M.E., and N. Canales. 198
Page 143 and 144: ment required a changed attitude on
Page 145 and 146: 1. Introduce selected farmers to pr
Page 147 and 148: Study in Cigudeg Subdistrict, Distr
Page 149 and 150: Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
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* Expenditures by Program Project E
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SMALL RUMINANT CRSP USAID GRANT NO.
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Summary of Host Country Contributio
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I! t, 199 I ---. III JaeHeso CarlMe
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