Research Results - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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An Investigation of Small Ruminant Health Problems in Peru Principal Investigator Colorado State University James C. DeMartini James C. DeMartini, Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, 80523 Collaborating Scientists R. Ellis, Microbiology, CSU S.Costigan, Research Associate, Pathology, CSU C. Kimberling, Investigator, Clin. Sci., CSU R. Todd, Research Associate, Microbiology, CSU E.Ameghino, Co-PL Microbiology, IVITA H. Bazalar, Parasitology, IVITA D. Huam~n, Investigator, Microbiology, IVITA A. Hung, Investigator, Clinical Pathology, IVITA M. Garnarra, SAIS Tupac Amaru, IVITA S.Gonziles, Investigator, Microbiology, IVITA A. Ramirez, Investigator, Microbiology, IVITA H. Rivera, Investigator, Microbiology, IVITA R. Rosadio, Investigator, Microbiology, IVITA F. San Martin, Investigator, Nutrition, IVITA U.S. Institution Department of Pathology, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, 80523 Collaborating Institutions Veterinary Institute for High Altitude and Tropical Research (IVITA), San Marcos University, Lima, Peru Instituto Nacional de Investigacion Agraria y Agroindustrial (INIAA), Apartado 110097, Lima 11, Peru Summary Small ruminant health problems in Peru bacterial and parasitic causes of newborn morwere investigated under three subprojects: tality of alpaca. major core protein purification and molecular cloning of the ovine pulmonary carcinoma Assays were developed for the detection retrovirus; enterotoxemia and colibacillosis in of the putative ovine pulmonary carcinoma alpacas and lambs; and field studies on sheep (OPC) retrovirus in samples of lung tissue from respiratory disease control and epidemiology of affected animals. Large quantities of purified A. IL k4 71
viral proteins are required for further progress toward development of a serological test for carriers of the virus and eventually a vaccine to prevent infections. Problems encountered in attempts to amplify OPC DNA have now been resolved and the project is preparing to try this approach again. Evidence has been obtained that a relationship exists between the OPC retrovirus and other type D retroviruses. This has permitted generation of probes and reagents that can be used to isolate and identify the cause of OPC. The project is thus wellprepared to successfully isolate and propagate the OPC retrovirus or its relevant genes for use in prepa- ration of diagnostic or immunoproplactic products. The second subproject investigated the protection of neonatal alpacas and lambs against enterotoxemia by vaccination of their dams with C.perfringensenterotoxin, and the identification of colonization antigens on E.coli isolated from cases of neonatal alpaca diarrhea. Enteritis is the major cause of death of young alpacas and lambs. Clostridiumperfringenstype A enterotoxemia has been established as the main cause of enteritis, and development and use of a toxoid vaccine has been purported as the best means for preventing enterotoxemia. Vaccines are on hand to conduct vaccination trials of pregnant alpacas of the South American Unit in the Veterinary School, University of San Marcos. An earlier study in Cuzco could not be concluded due to local political interference. Anti-enterotoxin antibodies have been detected from the previous vaccination study. The results will be published under the title "C. perfringensenterotoxin toxoid induces humoral immunity in alpacas." Immunological evidence was obtained that, in enterotoxemic llamas, C. perffingens enterotoxin is absorbed from the intestinal lumen to the bloodstream and then released from the bloodstream to the peritoneal cavity, These results are of vital importance for understanding the mechanism of pathogenesis, and to confirm the diagnosis of C.perfingens enterotoxemia in llamas and alpacas. Another significant accomplishment of this subproject 72 was the identification of the pili on about 20% of the E.coli isolates from diarrheic alpacas. Field studies were concluded on sheep respiratory disease control and epidemiology of bacterial and parasitic causes of newborn mortality of alpacas. During the past eight years, extensive field studies have been conducted in Peru to discover the causes, improve the diagnosis, and evaluate control strategies for chronic viral respiratory diseases of adult sheep. In this final year, the goal was to complete baseline studies which will facilitate future field testing of diagnostic tests and vaccine products. The occurrence of ovine pulmonary carcinoma has been progressively decreasing in the experimental flocks at the SAIS Tupac Amaru. The rapid periodic elimination of all animals from the experimental flocks appears to result in decreased OPC losses. The offspring from these less-affected experimental flocks are being used to repopulate other flocks in the research unit. This is a means by which the producer can reduce OPC-associated losses. Concluding studie.s on epidemiology of bacterial and parasitic causes of newborn mortality of alpaca investigated the correlation of death with nursing, the causes of death, and characterization of bacterial agents associated with pulmonary diseases. The importance of passively transferred immunoglobulin in neonatal mortality of newborn alpaca cria was verified in community herds as well as large enterprise herds. It is now imperative to investigate the nutritional and management failure of passive transfer and to study the role of novel bacterial agents in diseases of crias. Many improvements were made during the last year in the capacity of San Marcos University and IVITA to perform research and teaching. A masters degree program in Veterinary Science has been developed and a biweekly seminar program initiated to disseminate recent research results. Teaching facilities and computer capabilities have been improved. Some of the laboratories have been partially remodeled to improve research and diagnostic efficiency.
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198 199-... Annu..a Repo.. "" >' ''
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Small Ruminant Collaborative Resear
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41 Breeding More Prolific Strains o
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Foreword This 1989-90 Annual Report
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Maps Maps of the countries with whi
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Kenya ix
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Lima Peru xi
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Breeding a Genetically Improved Dua
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Toggenburg x 1/4 Anglo Nubian x 1/4
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HSA12 BOVINE MOUSE GAPD 13 TPI 1 12
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Over one-third of the phenotypic va
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example, the EAG does may have been
Page 25 and 26: years of age resulted in upward tre
Page 27 and 28: Figure 5. Fingerprinted with the M1
Page 29 and 30: not significant. This could imply t
Page 31 and 32: Table 9. Least squares constants &
Page 33 and 34: Blackburn, H.D., and J.F. Taylor. 1
Page 35 and 36: milk on a regular basis, only a sma
Page 37 and 38: Training Progress and Institutional
Page 39 and 40: Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
Page 41 and 42: With the DPG, farmers have acquired
Page 43 and 44: IDRC, and ILCA. The best performers
Page 45 and 46: kidded at the tasseling stage of th
Page 47 and 48: workshop held in Nairobi. Each pres
Page 49 and 50: * University of California, Davis B
Page 51 and 52: U.S. Institution Department of Anim
Page 53 and 54: and F2 sheep at the Tadla Farm and
Page 55 and 56: component of the US. participation
Page 57 and 58: survival in lines of sheep selected
Page 59 and 60: Java. Working Paper, SR-CRSP, Bogor
Page 61 and 62: Summary In Morocco cereal stubble r
Page 63 and 64: of cottonseed meal/day between week
Page 65 and 66: the last month of pregnancy on ewe
Page 67 and 68: By-Product and Crop Residue Utiliza
Page 69 and 70: Research Results Objectives 1. To c
Page 71 and 72: weights, lambs born, lamb birth wei
Page 73 and 74: Asystasia was the best, especially
Page 75: * Colorado State University Animal
Page 79 and 80: vitro propagation of its causative
Page 81 and 82: ined had variable levels of CPA ent
Page 83 and 84: flock has been verified. Although t
Page 85 and 86: quite frequent in these groups. Per
Page 87 and 88: laboratories and deterioration of t
Page 89 and 90: Myers, F.J., B.R. Madewell, P.H. Gu
Page 91 and 92: Bazalar, H. and C. McCorkle (eds.)
Page 93 and 94: can be devastating in susceptible p
Page 95 and 96: nymphs and adults. However, a high
Page 97 and 98: Other Contributions Contributions T
Page 99 and 100: * Montana State University Agropast
Page 101 and 102: the low or control lines. These res
Page 103 and 104: currently in press. In addition, a
Page 105 and 106: Range Research for Increasing Small
Page 107 and 108: Grazing and Animal Nutrition Studie
Page 109 and 110: Table 3. Results from the supplemen
Page 111 and 112: grass area protected from grazing.
Page 113 and 114: expect, animal daily gains were inf
Page 115 and 116: Training Progress and Institutional
Page 117 and 118: Productivity of Artemisia herba-alb
Page 119 and 120: Peru consumed mainly tall grasses i
Page 121 and 122: Greater efficiency of digestion in
Page 123 and 124: Table 5. Dry matter consumption (kg
Page 125 and 126: Alpaca. Data is scare about alpacas
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Internatl. Stockman's School Handbo
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* University of Missouri Socioecono
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and data collection, with the aim o
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Publications The following publicat
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Research Results Objectives Project
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Publications Thesis and Dissertatio
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Training Progress and Institutional
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Fernadez, M.E., and N. Canales. 198
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ment required a changed attitude on
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1. Introduce selected farmers to pr
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Study in Cigudeg Subdistrict, Distr
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Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
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* Expenditures by Program Project E
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SMALL RUMINANT CRSP USAID GRANT NO.
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Summary of Host Country Contributio
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I! t, 199 I ---. III JaeHeso CarlMe
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