Research Results - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant Production and Marketing Systems In Indonesia Winrock International Principal Investigator Henk Knipscheer Hendrick C. Knipscheer, Winrock International, Route 3, Morrilton, Arkansas, 72110 Collaborating Scientists Tjeppy D. Soedjana, Co-Principal Investigator Patrick J.Ludgate, Resident Scientist Setel Karo Karo (Sei Putih) Aticn Priyint Syahrir Maw M. E. Yusnandar Elan Masbulan Achmad Hanafiah M. Sabrani Nana Supriatna Agus Muljadi N. (Ph.D. student) Bambang Setiadi Muchji Martawidjaja Budi Haryanto Sri Wahyuni A. Adjid E.Sembiring (Sei Putih) M. D. Sanchez (Sei Putih) S.W. Handayani (M.Sc. student) U.S. Institution Winrock International Institute for Agricultural Development, Route 3, Morrilton, Arkansas, 72110 Host Country Institutions Central Research Institute for Animal Science (CRIAS), Jalan Raya Pajajaran, Bogor, Indonesia Research Institute for Animal Production (RIAP), Balaie Penelitian Ternak, P.O. Box 123, Bogor, Indonesia Summary The economics subprogram in Indonesia emphasis was placed on farmer participation by focused on constraints to increased productivity discussing with them their needs, problems, and on smallholder sheep and goat farms, particu- reactions to suggested animal husbandry techlarly in West Java and North Sumatra. Strong nologies. Establishment of an exchange environ 143
ment required a changed attitude on the part of the research personnel and their understanding of farmers welfare objectives as well as their available resources. Information was obtained monthly on animal selling age, body weight when sold, the price, and marketing channels. Generally, farmers did not sell their animals at the optimum age but later, usually to take advantage of the higher selling price during the Islamic holiday season. Marketing was done either directly or through a village middleman with only a third sold directly by the farmers. Reasons for this was time lost to other production activities. The objectives of a village small ruminant production scheme were to introduce selected farmers to productions with different levels of returns, to obtain monthly income, and to use breeding, management, health, feeding, and marketing procedures for a complete commercial operation. The objective was also to test intensive production schemes in terms of profitability, feasibility, and social acceptability, The ultimate goal is to provide technology packages based on proven production practices. Research Results Objectives The economics subprogram of the SR- CRSP has focused on the constraints to increased productivity and production on the smallholder sheep and goat farmers in Indonesia, particularly in West Java and North Sumatra. The need to work together with these resource-poor farmers has been recognized due to the potential contribution that they can have toward increasing the animal protein supply in Indonesia. These smallholder farmers can also concurrently make a contribution to agricultural development and improvements in farm family welfare by raising sheep and goats. An on-farm research (OFAR) model was selected very early in the implementation phase of the SR-CRSP to place strong emphasis on a farmer-oriented approach. The basis of the OFAR approach has 144 been through farmer participation and collaboration in the research process by talking with the farmers about their needs, problems, and reactions to suggested animal husbandry technologies. This collaborative approach has remained the focal point for the ongoing SR-CRSP economics subprogram's on-farm, technologytesting trials. These activities have focused on the technical and socioeconomic feasibility of fhe suggested production technologies and marketing strategies discussed with the smallholder farmers through the Outreach Pilot Project (OPP). The OPP has evolved over the past two and a half years to include a continuous exchange of information between the small ruminant farmers and the researchers, who are viewed as partners in the research process. There has been an emphasis on using the farmers' participation and adoption of the suggested technologies as a means to monitor and evaluate the production technologies and marketing strategies discussed and to determine areas where more research efforts were still required. Through the OPP's monthly on-farm visits by the researchers and the bimonthly discussion sessions, problem identification and assessment become a continual process. Project Progress and Achievements The acceptance of the animal production technologies and marketing strategies, presented to the OPP farmers for testing, were monitored monthly by the various discipline scientists involved in the on-farm technology testing program (nutrition, breeding, economics, health, and management). This approach differs markedly from the earlier years of the OPP where the researchers took a more formal consultative approach wherein they made most of the decisions based on their own research priorities. More recently, the OPP research approach has emphasized more farmer participation, shifting toward a more collaborative mode of on-farm research. This change in approach came about from the perception that an inadequate amount of information, concerning the farmers' production constraints and the
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198 199-... Annu..a Repo.. "" >' ''
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Small Ruminant Collaborative Resear
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41 Breeding More Prolific Strains o
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Foreword This 1989-90 Annual Report
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Maps Maps of the countries with whi
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Kenya ix
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Lima Peru xi
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Breeding a Genetically Improved Dua
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Toggenburg x 1/4 Anglo Nubian x 1/4
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HSA12 BOVINE MOUSE GAPD 13 TPI 1 12
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Over one-third of the phenotypic va
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example, the EAG does may have been
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years of age resulted in upward tre
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Figure 5. Fingerprinted with the M1
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not significant. This could imply t
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Table 9. Least squares constants &
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Blackburn, H.D., and J.F. Taylor. 1
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milk on a regular basis, only a sma
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Training Progress and Institutional
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Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
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With the DPG, farmers have acquired
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IDRC, and ILCA. The best performers
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kidded at the tasseling stage of th
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workshop held in Nairobi. Each pres
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* University of California, Davis B
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U.S. Institution Department of Anim
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and F2 sheep at the Tadla Farm and
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component of the US. participation
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survival in lines of sheep selected
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Java. Working Paper, SR-CRSP, Bogor
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Summary In Morocco cereal stubble r
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of cottonseed meal/day between week
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the last month of pregnancy on ewe
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By-Product and Crop Residue Utiliza
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Research Results Objectives 1. To c
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weights, lambs born, lamb birth wei
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Asystasia was the best, especially
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* Colorado State University Animal
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viral proteins are required for fur
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vitro propagation of its causative
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ined had variable levels of CPA ent
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flock has been verified. Although t
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quite frequent in these groups. Per
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laboratories and deterioration of t
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Myers, F.J., B.R. Madewell, P.H. Gu
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Page 115 and 116: Training Progress and Institutional
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Page 133 and 134: Publications The following publicat
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Page 137 and 138: Publications Thesis and Dissertatio
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Page 147 and 148: Study in Cigudeg Subdistrict, Distr
Page 149 and 150: Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
Page 151 and 152: * Expenditures by Program Project E
Page 153 and 154: SMALL RUMINANT CRSP USAID GRANT NO.
Page 155 and 156: Summary of Host Country Contributio
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Research Results - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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