Research Results - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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By-Product and Crop Residue Utilization in Intensive Sheep and Goat Production Systems for Limited- Resource Farmers in Morocco Principal Investigator North Carolina State University Kevin R. Pond Kevin R.Pond, Animal Science Department, North Carolina State University, Box 7621, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7621 Collaborating Scientists Joseph C. Bums, Agronomist, U.SDA (Co-Investigator), NCSU Dwight S. Fisher, Plant Physiologist, USDA (Co-Investigator), NCSU J-M. Luginbuhl, Research Associate, Animal Nutritionist (Morocco Coordinator), NCSU Jeannette Moore, Research Associate, Nutrition, NCSU Jerry W. Spears, Animal Nutritionist, NCSU Fouad Guessous, Co-PI, Nutritionist, IAV Nacif Rihani, Animal Nutritionist, IAV, Ph.D. Candidate at UC Davis Ahmed Kabbali, Animal Nutritionist, ENA A. Iham, Animal Nutritionist, ENA, Ph.D. Candidate at University of Minnesota, St. Paul A. Fares, Animal Nutritionist, IAV, M.S. Candidate E.El Maadoudi, Animal Nutritionist, IAV, M.S. Candidate K. Ksyar, Animal Nutritionist, IAV, M.S. Candidate J.Vann Cooper, Research Technician Tina Goodwin, Research Technician Elizabeth Kegley, Research Technician Silvia Buntinx, Ph.D. Candidate in Nutrition from Mexico Kelly Jo Driggins, M.S. Candidate in Nutrition Elizabeth Droke, Ph.D. candidate in Nutrition Roger Merkel, Ph.D. candidate in Nutrition Oneas Mufandaedza, Ph.D. Candidate in Animal and Crop Science from Zimbabwe U.S. Institution Department of Animal Science, Box 7621, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7621 Collaborating Institutions Institut Agronomique et Veterinaire (lAV), Hassan II, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Morocco National School of Agriculture (ENA), Meknes, Morocco 53
Summary In Morocco cereal stubble represents the main food available in the summer for sheep raised under a mixed crop-livestock system. Because sheep are a substantial source of cash income to farmers, good growth and reproduction are important considerations. Feed resources may be a serious limiting factor and locally available by-products such as carob meal and citrus pulp may be useful to improve the use of the straw and straw stubble. Protein and energy supplementation of ewes grazing wheat stubble proved advantageous. Ewes on wheat stubble alone except for mineral and vitamin supplement lost 6.2 kg weight after 16 weeks. Added supplementation with 200g of cotton seed meal per day between week five and 16 resulted in a 3.8 kg weight increase; when an additional 200g of barley per day was added for the same period, weight gain was 5.0 kg. These results suggest that protein and energy supplementation of ewes after the first month on stubble grazing is necessary and may improve their fertility, In 1990 an experiment with crossbred ewes compared unsupplemented stubble feeding with moderate supplementation (protein and energy) after the eighth week of stubble grazing. Determinations were made of ewe ovulation rate, body weight changes, prolificacy, lamb weight at birth, and lamb growth and ewe performance until the third month after lambing. Results are not yet available. Carob pulp is an available bya-product that is used for fattening lambs. Lamb feeding trials evaluated urea and sunflower meal as nitrogen sources in diets high in carob pulp. Results showed that increasing the crude protein from 12 to 16 percent did not necessarily improve lamb performance unless urea was included in the diet. It was economically and nutritionally beneficial to use urea as part of the supplementary nitrogen in diets containing carob pulp for fattening lambs. A study was conducted to evaluate ammonification versus urea or natural protein 54 as nitrogen supplements of citrus pulp for sheep diets. Although results are not yet completely summarized, it can be concluded that ammonification of citrus pulp as a method of nitrogen enrichment of this product may not have any advantage over simple urea addition to the diet. Use of non-protein nitrogen supplementation in the form of urea was comparable to that obtained from horse beans which are more expensive. Supplementation of wheat straw diets for pregnant ewes provided greater ewe weight gains and straw intake with increasing protein and energy levels. Lamb birth weight and mortality were not affected by level of protein or energy. Estimates were obtained of the bioavailability of calcium from some widely used feeds in Morocco. Lambs were used in feeding trials comparing a basal diet with diets supplemented with calcium carbonate, alfalfa hay, oat-vetch hay, or wheat straw. Lambs were slaughtered and body parts were analyzed. Calcium retention with the calcium carbonate treatment was 48.1%; alfalfa hay, 29.9%; oatvetch hay, 33.3%; and wheat straw, 25.6%. Research Results Objectives 1. To characterize the nutritional value of locally available feedstuffs for small ruminants. 2. To develop guidelines for formulation of nutritionally and economically optimum diets, especially at critical stages of the production ccls 3 To develop strategies for more efficient use of the feed resources available within intensive small farming systems.
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Small Ruminant Collaborative Resear
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41 Breeding More Prolific Strains o
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Foreword This 1989-90 Annual Report
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Research Results Objectives Project
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Fernadez, M.E., and N. Canales. 198
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Study in Cigudeg Subdistrict, Distr
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Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
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SMALL RUMINANT CRSP USAID GRANT NO.
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Summary of Host Country Contributio
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I! t, 199 I ---. III JaeHeso CarlMe
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Research Results - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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