Research Results - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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Research Results After a period of nearly two years (1988- 1989) without an agricultural economist in Maseno, western Kenya, the Economics project now has a resident scientist (Dr. F. Nyaribo) who has been on location since February, 1990. Due to the absence of an economist, there is a large backlog of biological data that needs economic analysis. Work on this is already underway. Kenya Tech Pack The first draft of the Kenya Tech Pack did not contain an economics section. Thus, one of the initial tasks for 1990 was to write an economics chapter. The first draft of the chapter was completed in May and later incorporated into the Kenya Tech Pack. Economic Analysis of Feeding Practices Several kid feeding alternatives have been looked at in an attempt to select the optimal pre-weaning practices. The most desirable practice is one that yields maximun milk for family consumption while maintaining acceptable kid growth rates. Given the scarcity of capital for collaborating farmers, the new practice must not only be technically promising but economically the cash benefits must outweigh the cash costs. The smaller the cash outlay to produce maximum output the better. A partial budget was done to evaluate the costs and returns of using sweet potato vines (SPV) as a milk replacer for unweaned DPG kids. Similar analyses had been done for other forages but not for SPV. The biological data was generated by the Nutrition and Management project where it was found out that the quality of nutrients from SPV were comparable to those of milk. Economic analysis results indicated that using SPV as a milk replacer yields the highest economic returns of all previously analyzed forage supplements. This finding fits in well with current crop production since sweet potatoes are widely grown in western Kenya. Therefore, no significant additional capital is needed except for increased production if the farmer 30 wishes to do so. The additional resource needed for this new practice is extra labor, of which most farmers have plenty, for the cut and carry of the SPV. Economics of Intercropping Maize with Food- Forage Crops in a Maize Cropping System Economic analysis is still continuing on these feed resources experiments. Partial budgeting is being done to determine the economic implications of intercropping maize with beans, sesbania, finger millet, and pigeon peas using two fertilizer treatments. As expected, analyses of three of the four sites (Masumbi, Hamisi, Kaimosi, and Maseno) are complete. Preliminary results indicatL that economic returns are higher for fertilizer than phosphorous-based fertilizer alone. This also implies that the marginal cost per kilogram of dry matter (DM) across all treatments is lower for the phosphorous+nitrogen combinations than for phosphorous alone. Results indicate that it is uneconomical to intercrop maize with sesbania because of the lower DM yield compared to the higher food crop residue (DM) yields of intercrops such as finger millet and pigeon peas. This finding is subject to further analysis before final conclusions can be reached. Mathematical Modelling of Smallholder Farms Construction of linear programming models m o representing structin oflder smallholder r farms r are e complete. The models give a whole-farm representation which evaluates the DPG and supporting technologies against all other farm enterprises to determine how the goat competes economically with the most important croplivestock enterprises. Results indicate that DPG technologies have the potential of increasing net farm incomes by 30 to 80 percent for different farm size groups and ecological zones. There is keen competition between different livestock species on the farms. In addition, research has shown that with improved management, the DPG out-competes the local Zebu cattle. A valuable by-product of the DPG (whose economic value is yet to be determined) is the goat manure.
With the DPG, farmers have acquired improved management and husbandry skills which have been transferred to other farm activities and particularly to management of other livestock species on the farm. This is a long-term contribution of the DPG project whose monetary value is not easily quantifiable. As we strive to refine the DPG technology the following factors are important in improving the DPG's economic competitiveness: 1) The quality of management and its impact on productivity. Improved management can be achieved by focused extension education efforts. 2) Credit availability. Research results from economic modelling activities indicate that capital shortages have stunted the income generating potential of western Kenya farmers. This has implications for the widespread adoption of the DPG as it is likely to be hampered by lack of capital as herd sizes increase. 3) Marketing. The milk marketing infrastructure in western Kenya will need to be developed and strengthened to absorb surplus milk as more animals are reared and to serve as an incentive for greater regional adoption. Training Progress and Institutional Development Long-term Fanny Nyaribo completed a Ph.D. in December 1989. Dissertation title: Integrating Dual Purpose Goats in Small Farms in Western Kenya: A Linear Programming Analysis. Short-term Peter Pelepenji Kwoba (Technical Assistant) completed a one month computer data management and word processing course in Kisumu in June 1990. Publications Manuscripts Submitted or in Press Nyaribo, F. B. and D. L. Young. 1990. The Impacts of Capital and Land Constraints on the Economics of New Livestock Technology in Western Kenya. (Submitted to Agricultural Economics). Technical Communications Nyaribo, F.B., H. C. Knipscheer, and D. L. Young. 1990. Optional Strategies for Adoption of Dual Purpose Goats and Three Forage Technologies in Hamisi and Siaya Clusters, Proc. Eighth SR-CRSP Workshop, ILRAD, Kabete. Nyaribo, F. B., H. C. Knipscheer and D. L. Young. 1990. Effects of Household Subsistence Requirements on Enterprise Mix and Farm Income in Hamisi Division. Proc. Eighth SR- CRSP Workshop, ILRAD, Kabete. Nyaribo, F. B.and D. L.Young. 1990. The Impacts of Land and Capital Constraints on the Economics of New Livestock Technology in western Kenya. Selected paper, American Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Vancouver, B.C., August 4-8, 1990. Nyaribo, F. B.and P. P. Semenye. 1990. Economics of Using Sweet Potato Vines (SPV) as a Replacer to Wean Dual Purpose Goat Kids, Maseno Research Station. Abstracts Nyaribo, F. 1., J.F. M.Onim and D. L.Young. 1990. Economic Implications of New Forage Technology on Small Farms in western Kenya. (Submitted). 31
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Page 7 and 8: Foreword This 1989-90 Annual Report
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Bazalar, H. and C. McCorkle (eds.)
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can be devastating in susceptible p
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nymphs and adults. However, a high
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Other Contributions Contributions T
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* Montana State University Agropast
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the low or control lines. These res
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currently in press. In addition, a
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Range Research for Increasing Small
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Grazing and Animal Nutrition Studie
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Table 3. Results from the supplemen
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grass area protected from grazing.
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expect, animal daily gains were inf
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Training Progress and Institutional
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Productivity of Artemisia herba-alb
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Peru consumed mainly tall grasses i
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Greater efficiency of digestion in
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Table 5. Dry matter consumption (kg
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Alpaca. Data is scare about alpacas
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Internatl. Stockman's School Handbo
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* University of Missouri Socioecono
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and data collection, with the aim o
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Publications The following publicat
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Research Results Objectives Project
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Publications Thesis and Dissertatio
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Training Progress and Institutional
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Fernadez, M.E., and N. Canales. 198
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ment required a changed attitude on
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1. Introduce selected farmers to pr
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Study in Cigudeg Subdistrict, Distr
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Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
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* Expenditures by Program Project E
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SMALL RUMINANT CRSP USAID GRANT NO.
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Summary of Host Country Contributio
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