Research Results - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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availability, described by such parameters as distance walked, time spent grazing, biting rate, grazing efficiency, and diet quality, Characterizing Livestock Production Systems in the Semi-Arid Steppe Most of the range research in the Moroccan SR-CRSP has addressed technical questions regarding the forage resource and its utilization by grazing small ruminants. The value of this kind of research can only be appreciated in the context of specific production systems, which are a function of social, cultural, and economic facore factors asnto as well as asiofoiclral biological and and climatic c ionmic ones. A component of the SR-CRSP in the Eastern plateau region has been a study l,.-d by Dr. El Aich of 45 flocks managed by producers with the objective of characterizing the total livestock production system and identifying principal constraints to production. The relevance of this study to the more technical research is apparent in the following example. The production sytem study found that the majority of lambs sold are between three and six months of age; young goats are sold slightly older on average. The sale of lambs is particu larly affected by both the religious festival of Aid el Kebir and the onset of summer. By the end of summer the price of lamb in the market is increasing and more goats are being sold. Improved management would allow producers to carry their lambs over the summertime and sell them at a higher weight and better price. Thus research on the use of supplementary feeds in combination with range forage and perhaps crop residues can have a direct economic payoff. Even providing a simple mineral/vitamin supplement with 5% urea to sheep grazing alfa grass (Stipa tenacissima),an abundant but generally low quality grass in summer, will almost double the intake of alfa grass and increase its digestibility from 46 to 70% (result of a pen trial by Dr. Narjisse using alfa grass from Ain Beni Mathar). This survey of production systems also his the orancon system in illuminated the importance of management in determining the productivity and economic value of flocks. As illustrated in table 4, producers with large flocks and more intensive, specialized management have lower mortality and more offspring sold per 100 breeding sheep than producers with smaller flocks. Table 4. Productivity of sheep in three producer groups (gp 1, small producers with less than 150 head; gp 2, producers with flock size of 150-500 head; gp 3, large producers with more than 500 head) and of goats. Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 goat offspring born 94 108 120 136 %mortality of young >3 mo 3-10 mo number offspring sold 3-6 mo 6-12 mo 21.3 16.2 11.1 9.4 10 8.3 total offspring sold 49 72 81 44 31 18 43 29 42 39 32.4 26.1 kg production per animal unit 10.8 18.4 22.7 8.3 112 31 13
Training Progress and Institutional Development In the last three years there have been no American students trained under the range management component of the SR-CRSP. Partial support was provided at Utah State University for the following foreign students: Roberto Distel (Argentina). Ph.D. "Effects of dietary experience early in life on consumption of blackbrush (Coleogne ramosissimaTorr.) by goats" (completed 1990). M'barek Fagouri (Morocco). M.S. 'The effect of planting method on the germination and establishment of perennial wheatgrasses in the Upper Moulouya Plain of Morocco" (to be completed in 1991). Mohammed Tigma (Morocco). Ph.D. "Sustaining livestock production on forest rangelands of Morocco" (to be completed in 1993). The research project will be si. ,ported by Eaux et Fords, Morocco. A number of Moroccan studer is doing research projects for their Memoire nrquired for the 'Third Cycle" degree at IAV have received support for their research from SR-CR3P funds. This support has been in the form of travel to field research stations, hired labor to help with data collection, use of equipment purchased wholly or in part by SR-CRSP funds, and expendable research supplies and expenses. A significant portion of the 1989-90 budget was spent on buying equipment for the laboratories and field stations of the three collaborating Moroccan scientists. This equipment is listed below. Major equipment items: * Automatic liquid sampler (to facilitate analytical procedures of a gas analyzer already installed) * Wiley mill (for El Faijah field station) * Drying oven (for El Faijah field station) • Infrared AG multimeter * Binocular microscope * Two condensers for a growth chamber purchased by SR-CRSP in 1981 * Digitizer , IBM PS2 computer, color monitor and printer * Three laptop computers to facilitate research at the remote field stations of El Faijah, Plaine de l'Aarid and Ain Beni Mathar Minor equipment items: 0 Weighing scales for field work * Pedometers 0 Fence stretchers * Two external disk drives for IBM computers * Miscellaneous computer software * Miscellaneous books The equipment items listed above considerably strengthened the institutional capacity of the range research scientists to continue the research program initiated under SR-CRSP auspices. Prospects for continued funding of the research program lie mainly with the Moroccan Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform (MARA). During the past three years the Ministry has recognized that its management divisions are neither equipped nor inclined to do ecological surveys, baseline studies, and applied research projects, nor develop management plans without technical input from specialists. MARA has therefore adopted a policy of contracting this type of work to outside bodies, and the pastoralisme(range) researchers at IAV have been and continue to be participants in these contractual arrangements. Furthermore, the Ministry is initiating a very large IFAD project to develop the eastern plateau region of Morocco, which is almost entirely composed of the semi-arid steppe ecosystems that the SR- CRSP range collaborators have been working on these past three years. The project includes civil services and infrastructural developments as well as agriculture, in which the livestock sector is paramount. The director of the IFAD project has already approached our SR-CRSP collaborators with a view to obtaining technical informa 113
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198 199-... Annu..a Repo.. "" >' ''
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Small Ruminant Collaborative Resear
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41 Breeding More Prolific Strains o
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Foreword This 1989-90 Annual Report
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Maps Maps of the countries with whi
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Kenya ix
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Lima Peru xi
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Breeding a Genetically Improved Dua
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Toggenburg x 1/4 Anglo Nubian x 1/4
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HSA12 BOVINE MOUSE GAPD 13 TPI 1 12
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Over one-third of the phenotypic va
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example, the EAG does may have been
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years of age resulted in upward tre
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Figure 5. Fingerprinted with the M1
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not significant. This could imply t
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Table 9. Least squares constants &
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Blackburn, H.D., and J.F. Taylor. 1
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milk on a regular basis, only a sma
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Training Progress and Institutional
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Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
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With the DPG, farmers have acquired
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IDRC, and ILCA. The best performers
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kidded at the tasseling stage of th
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workshop held in Nairobi. Each pres
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* University of California, Davis B
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U.S. Institution Department of Anim
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and F2 sheep at the Tadla Farm and
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component of the US. participation
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survival in lines of sheep selected
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Java. Working Paper, SR-CRSP, Bogor
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Summary In Morocco cereal stubble r
Page 63 and 64: of cottonseed meal/day between week
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Page 67 and 68: By-Product and Crop Residue Utiliza
Page 69 and 70: Research Results Objectives 1. To c
Page 71 and 72: weights, lambs born, lamb birth wei
Page 73 and 74: Asystasia was the best, especially
Page 75 and 76: * Colorado State University Animal
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Page 79 and 80: vitro propagation of its causative
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Page 83 and 84: flock has been verified. Although t
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Page 89 and 90: Myers, F.J., B.R. Madewell, P.H. Gu
Page 91 and 92: Bazalar, H. and C. McCorkle (eds.)
Page 93 and 94: can be devastating in susceptible p
Page 95 and 96: nymphs and adults. However, a high
Page 97 and 98: Other Contributions Contributions T
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Page 103 and 104: currently in press. In addition, a
Page 105 and 106: Range Research for Increasing Small
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Page 109 and 110: Table 3. Results from the supplemen
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Page 113: expect, animal daily gains were inf
Page 117 and 118: Productivity of Artemisia herba-alb
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Page 121 and 122: Greater efficiency of digestion in
Page 123 and 124: Table 5. Dry matter consumption (kg
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Page 129 and 130: * University of Missouri Socioecono
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Page 133 and 134: Publications The following publicat
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Page 137 and 138: Publications Thesis and Dissertatio
Page 139 and 140: Training Progress and Institutional
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Page 147 and 148: Study in Cigudeg Subdistrict, Distr
Page 149 and 150: Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
Page 151 and 152: * Expenditures by Program Project E
Page 153 and 154: SMALL RUMINANT CRSP USAID GRANT NO.
Page 155 and 156: Summary of Host Country Contributio
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