Research Results - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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for borrowing, as per longstanding traditional patterns. Instead, the major problem in breeding appeared to be farmers' inattention to and/ or inability to detect estrus--in part because does are tethered and left unattended and with no buck nearby to signal does coming into heat. Health Treatment Regimes (C8). In this subproject, farmers were interviewL'd about the general health and condition of their DPGs by sex and age groups (bucks, does, kids). Results indicate that, overall, farmers do not perceive any exceptional health problems among their DPGs. Productionand Utilizationof Manure (C9). Surveys in western Kenya indicate that, for various reasons, most farmers do not use chemical fertilizers. However, whenever possible these farmers do use the manu", . generated on their farms. Sociology therefore began a study of the contribution and value of DPG manure in the overall farming system of participants. Findings indicate that all clusters except Masumbi tend to distribute DPG manure on various farm enterprises on a daily basis. Hamisi gives preference to cash crops and vegetables, and Lela to food crops and vegetables. In most clusters, DPG manure is highly prized as fertilizer. Productionand Utilizationof Milk (CIO). Distribution of DPGs to participating farmers was in part aimed at providing them with a ready source of milk. The Sociology Project thus undertook to study the role of goat milk relative to other sources of milk available to participants. Research reveals that, in all the clusters, only a small proportion of participating farmers milk their DPGs (Hamisi=10%, Masumbi=15%, Muhanda=10%, Rabuor=19%, Lela=4%). The two most prevalent reasons given for this were that does were dry or that lactating does produced only enough milk to feed their kids. The latter explanation was particularly interesting, given that farmers have been advised that they can wean DPG kids after only two weeks if they then feed weanlings sweet potato vines ad lib. Despite the low proportion of farmers milking DPGs, almost all households in all clusters were found to consume milk on a regular basis. This finding underscores the current secondary role of DPG milk relative to other sources. Small Ruminant Production in Central Kenya With the beginning of program phasedown in Kenya, concerns were raised about other areas that could benefit from the DPG techpacks developed thus far. Given ecological and demographic similarities between western and central Kenya, it was thought that SR-CRSP techpacks would be readily transferable between the two regions. Moreover, both goats and sheep are commonly reared in central Kenya, and inhabitants of the region consider goat meat a delicacy. With an eye to providing pointers for the expansion of SR-CRSP activities, Sociology initiated a study of the role of small ruminants in central Kenya. However, findings revealed that farmers in this region depend more upon commodities by comparison with the more subsistence-oriented economies of western Kenya. Thus, it seems improbable that the two regions could easily exchange DPG technologies. Farmer Workshops These workshops brought together participating and non-participating farmers, livestock extension staff, and local leaders to meet with the SR-CRSP research team and share experiences in DPG management. Some of the issues that came up in discussions included: e The relative vulnerability of the DPGs in the project area as compared with local goats; e Frequent abortions and inactive bucks among newly introduced DPGs; @Possibilities for expansion of SR-CRSP activities to cover more people and larger areas; and e The value of DPG manure. 25
Training Progress and Institutional Development Resident Scientist Mbabu, in collaboration with Economics Resident Scientist Nyaribo, supervised a KARI graduate student, currently on study leave at Clemson University (U.S.), in data (June-August, collection 1990). for M.Sc. degree in social sciences Other Contributions Along with Dr. Moses Onim, SR-CRSP/ Kenya scientist, Sociology's Jere Gilles joined a multi-institutional, international team to conduct a global assessment of animal agriculture in Africa. This study is directed by Winrock International with funding from the World Bank, ILRAD, ILCA, CIDA, the Rockefeller Foundation, and TAC. Currently the study focuses on ways to generate and utilize livestock technology that will lead to sustainable production systems in Africa. The broader goal is to assist research and development agencies in setting priorities for African animal agriculture for the next 35 years. Meanwhile, Dr. Michael Nolan has been working with KARI to identify ways to adapt and extend the SR-CRSP's dynamic model of station-based + farm-based research to other research centers and commodities in Kenya. Publications Thesis and Dissertations Garba, I. 1990. Bringing People In: Participation and Pastoral Development Programs. Rural Sociology, University of Missouri-Columbia (supporting). Books and Chapters in Books Mbabu, A.N. Background Information to the Tech Packs. Chapter in SR-CRSP/Kenya Technology Package. (In preparation) Mbabu, A.N. Livestock Extension Service in Western Kenya. Chapter in SR-CRSP/Kenya Technology Package. (In preparation) 26 Mbabu, A.N. Techpack Evaluation. Chapter in SR-CRSP/Kenya Technology Package. (In preparation) Manuscripts Submitted or in Press Conelly, W.T. Population Pressure and Changin W.T. oulaion res n ing Western Agropastoral Kenya. In: Management C.M. McCorkle, Strategies ed. Plants, in Animals, and People: Agropastoral Systems Research. Westview Press, Boulder, CO. In press. Mbabu, A.N. The Transformation of the Kenyan Agrarian Sector The Case of Western Kenya. In: C.M. McCorkle, ed. Plants, Animals, and People: Agropastoral Systems Research. Westview Press, Boulder, CO. In press. McCorkle, C.M., and E.Mathias-Mundy. Ethnoveterinary Medicine in Africa. Africa (supporting). Under review. Noble, A. Women, Men, Goats, and Bureaucrats: The Samia Women's Dairy Goat Project (Kenya). In: C.M. McCorkle, ed. Plants, Animals, and People: Agropastoral Systems Research. Westview Press, Boulder, CO. Submitted. Technical Communications Conelly, W.T., A.W. Mukhebi, L. Oyugi, and H.C. Knipscheer. 1987. Household Labor Allocation in an Intensive Crop/Livestock Farming System in Western Kenya. Proceedings of the Sixth Kenya Veterinary Association/ Small Ruminant CRSP Workshop. SR-CRSP, Nairobi. pp. 135-152. Mbabu, A.N. 1990. SR-CRSP Sociology Project: Research Highlights. KARI Annual Symposium, Nairobi. Mbabu, A.N., and M.F. Nolan. 1990. Technology Development: A Value-based Exercise. Rural Sociological Society, Norfolk, VA. Mbabu, AN., M.F. Nolan, and J.Gilles. 1989. Concerns for Agricultural Development in Western Kenya. Proceedings of the Seventh SR
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Page 3 and 4: Small Ruminant Collaborative Resear
Page 5 and 6: 41 Breeding More Prolific Strains o
Page 7 and 8: Foreword This 1989-90 Annual Report
Page 9 and 10: Maps Maps of the countries with whi
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Page 15 and 16: Breeding a Genetically Improved Dua
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laboratories and deterioration of t
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Myers, F.J., B.R. Madewell, P.H. Gu
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Bazalar, H. and C. McCorkle (eds.)
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can be devastating in susceptible p
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nymphs and adults. However, a high
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Other Contributions Contributions T
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* Montana State University Agropast
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the low or control lines. These res
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currently in press. In addition, a
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Range Research for Increasing Small
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Grazing and Animal Nutrition Studie
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Table 3. Results from the supplemen
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grass area protected from grazing.
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expect, animal daily gains were inf
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Training Progress and Institutional
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Productivity of Artemisia herba-alb
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Peru consumed mainly tall grasses i
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Greater efficiency of digestion in
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Table 5. Dry matter consumption (kg
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Alpaca. Data is scare about alpacas
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Internatl. Stockman's School Handbo
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* University of Missouri Socioecono
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and data collection, with the aim o
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Publications The following publicat
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Research Results Objectives Project
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Publications Thesis and Dissertatio
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Training Progress and Institutional
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Fernadez, M.E., and N. Canales. 198
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ment required a changed attitude on
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1. Introduce selected farmers to pr
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Study in Cigudeg Subdistrict, Distr
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Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
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* Expenditures by Program Project E
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SMALL RUMINANT CRSP USAID GRANT NO.
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Summary of Host Country Contributio
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I! t, 199 I ---. III JaeHeso CarlMe
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