Research Results - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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mance is measured on all females and lactation performance on samples of females is currently being monitored to facilitate selection for meat and milk productivity, A major production constraint of cattle, sheep, and goats in tropical and subtropical areas is the detrimental effect of the stomach worm Haemonchus contortus. These effects include reduced productivity, cost of continuous treatment, and dangers to smallholders handling the anthelmintics. Through field testing, this project has established that there is wide ranging variability for resistance/resiliance to Haemonchus contortusin the genetically segregating KDPG population. Weaned kids were exposed to natural parasite infection for one year; of 134 kids sired by 25 bucks, 13 sired by six bucks did not develop a parasite load requiring treatment. These untreated yearlings performed at the same level as those that were periodically treated. A follow-up controlled experiment with both resistant and susceptible goats screened from the field tests resulted in nine goats maintaining a high level of resistance. Planned matings involving resistant and susceptible goats have been made and DNA extracted from parent animals and their progeny for analysis. Polymorphic DNA markers including Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) are being identified among goat families, and statistical analyses will be conducted to determine associations between marker loci and Haemonchus contortus resistance. Determination of the genetic mechanism of resistance would provide an invaluable component to the derivation of the KDPG and indeed would be a boon worldwide to reduce costs and chemical input into the food chain. Justification In order to establish the KDPG as a viable breed available to Kenya farmers, plans are in progress to establish nucleus breeding flocks in collaboration with three to five private and institutional breeders. These collaborating breeders will initially be supplied with bucks from the KARI foundation flock at O'Magogo, for progeny test evaluation on-farm. As suffi- 6 cient nu<strong>mb</strong>ers of does are produced in the KARl foundation flock, they will be released to the collaborating breeders for further selection, stabilization, and multiplication of the breed. It is expected that the major supply of KDPG goats to farmers will be through these core breeders, with the foundation flock acting as an elite nucleus breeding herd, although there will be some releases directly from the KARI foundation flock to farmers. The principal role of the foundation flock during the stabilization and multiplication phase is to be responsible for the genetic improvement of the KDPG, to the point that it is truly a superior dual-purpose breed, adapted to Kenya with the potential to produce milk and meat at an optimal level for farm families. The flock will be maintained in a longterm program as an elite flock where detailed production records will be collected and an intense genetic improvement plan followed. Selection emphasis will shift from the individual to genetic evaluation based on information on relatives as well as individual performance. Milk samples of lactating females will continue to be recorded on a daily basis and their records analyzed using mixed model procedures to predict breeding values of their sires for selection. Goats which will form the initial flocks of collaborating breeders (core breeders) are not anticipated to have the genetic potential for milk yield that is the ultimate goal of 4.0 kg/day at peak lactation. The initial release of does should have a potential of about 3.5 kg/day. It is estimated that the foundation flock will require about six to eight years of selection to increase potential to 4.0 kg/day, while simultaneously holding mature size constant. Data collection by the collaborating breeders will be supervised by the SR-CRSP breeding project resident scientist, and will be used for progeny testing sires in the environments in which their daughters are expected to produce. The proposed program would be a joint venture between the SR-CRSP, KARL, and the core private breeders, each providing incentives as well as checks and balances to the others, all to the betterment of the KDPG and farm families who will use this new breed. This strategy will not only provide the opportunity to examine the performance of
HSA12 BOVINE MOUSE GAPD 13 TPI 1 12 12 - I LDHB IKRAS2 11 MMU6 12 HOX3 U u 13 LALBA" INT1 1 13 GLI" MMU15 qNKNBJ q I-[ - - FRA12B 21 I PEPB 2 - MMU10 PAH I'F" FRA12E 24 LH U26 MMU4 Figure 2. Comparison of Human Chromosome 12 with bovine and mouse chromosomes 2 24 P 1 13 HSA9 BOVINE MOUSE IFNB IFNA GGTB2 FRA9F 112 U18 FRAg9i 2 q 3- 22 MMU4 ALDHI ACOI MMU1 9 21ALDOB"I C5 B L 34 GRP78 I A U16 IFigure 3. Comparison of human chromosome 9 with bovine and mouse chromosomes 7
Page 1 and 2: 198 199-... Annu..a Repo.. "" >' ''
Page 3 and 4: Small Ruminant Collaborative Resear
Page 5 and 6: 41 Breeding More Prolific Strains o
Page 7 and 8: Foreword This 1989-90 Annual Report
Page 9 and 10: Maps Maps of the countries with whi
Page 11 and 12: Kenya ix
Page 13 and 14: Lima Peru xi
Page 15 and 16: Breeding a Genetically Improved Dua
Page 17: Toggenburg x 1/4 Anglo Nubian x 1/4
Page 21 and 22: Over one-third of the phenotypic va
Page 23 and 24: example, the EAG does may have been
Page 25 and 26: years of age resulted in upward tre
Page 27 and 28: Figure 5. Fingerprinted with the M1
Page 29 and 30: not significant. This could imply t
Page 31 and 32: Table 9. Least squares constants &
Page 33 and 34: Blackburn, H.D., and J.F. Taylor. 1
Page 35 and 36: milk on a regular basis, only a sma
Page 37 and 38: Training Progress and Institutional
Page 39 and 40: Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
Page 41 and 42: With the DPG, farmers have acquired
Page 43 and 44: IDRC, and ILCA. The best performers
Page 45 and 46: kidded at the tasseling stage of th
Page 47 and 48: workshop held in Nairobi. Each pres
Page 49 and 50: * University of California, Davis B
Page 51 and 52: U.S. Institution Department of Anim
Page 53 and 54: and F2 sheep at the Tadla Farm and
Page 55 and 56: component of the US. participation
Page 57 and 58: survival in lines of sheep selected
Page 59 and 60: Java. Working Paper, SR-CRSP, Bogor
Page 61 and 62: Summary In Morocco cereal stubble r
Page 63 and 64: of cottonseed meal/day between week
Page 65 and 66: the last month of pregnancy on ewe
Page 67 and 68: By-Product and Crop Residue Utiliza
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Research Results Objectives 1. To c
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weights, lambs born, lamb birth wei
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Asystasia was the best, especially
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* Colorado State University Animal
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viral proteins are required for fur
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vitro propagation of its causative
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ined had variable levels of CPA ent
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flock has been verified. Although t
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quite frequent in these groups. Per
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laboratories and deterioration of t
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Myers, F.J., B.R. Madewell, P.H. Gu
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Bazalar, H. and C. McCorkle (eds.)
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can be devastating in susceptible p
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nymphs and adults. However, a high
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Other Contributions Contributions T
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* Montana State University Agropast
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the low or control lines. These res
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currently in press. In addition, a
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Range Research for Increasing Small
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Grazing and Animal Nutrition Studie
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Table 3. Results from the supplemen
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grass area protected from grazing.
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expect, animal daily gains were inf
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Training Progress and Institutional
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Productivity of Artemisia herba-alb
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Peru consumed mainly tall grasses i
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Greater efficiency of digestion in
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Table 5. Dry matter consumption (kg
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Alpaca. Data is scare about alpacas
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Internatl. Stockman's School Handbo
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* University of Missouri Socioecono
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and data collection, with the aim o
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Publications The following publicat
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Research Results Objectives Project
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Publications Thesis and Dissertatio
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Training Progress and Institutional
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Fernadez, M.E., and N. Canales. 198
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ment required a changed attitude on
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1. Introduce selected farmers to pr
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Study in Cigudeg Subdistrict, Distr
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Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
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* Expenditures by Program Project E
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SMALL RUMINANT CRSP USAID GRANT NO.
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Summary of Host Country Contributio
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I! t, 199 I ---. III JaeHeso CarlMe
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Research Results - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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