Research Results - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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Improving ,mail Ruminant Nutrition, Management, and Production of Native Range and Improved Pastures Principal Investigator Texas Tech University Fred C. Bryant Fred C. Bryant, Department of Range and Wildlife Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409-2125 Collaborating Scientists Arturo Florez, Co-PI, UNA, Central Sierra Felipe San Martin, Co-PI, IVITA, Lima Ramiro Farfan, Co-PI, IVITA, La Raya Francis Villena, Co-PI, UNPRG, Lambayeque Ron Sosebee, Range Management, Dept. of Range &Wildlife Management, TfU Bill Dahl, Range Management, Dept. of Range &Wildlife Management, TTU C. M. Britton, Range Management, Dept. of Range &Wildlife Management, TTU Dave Wester, Range Management, Dept. of Range &Wildlife Management, TTU Gerry Matches, Improved Forages, Dept. of Plant and Soil Science, TTU B.L. Allen, Soils, Dept. of Plant andSoil Science, TTU U.S. Institution Department of Range and Wildlife Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, 79409 2125 Collaborating Institution Instituto Nacional de Investigacion Agraria y Agroindustrial (INIAA), Apartado 110097, Lima, Peru Summary The project on grazing management and nutrition with sheep, llamas, and alpaca in Peru is being terminated and emphasis in this last year was on completing and publishing the results. Studies concerned with the complementary grazing of the three animal species aimed at understanding the reasons for discrepancies in digestibility reported in the literature. The reasons may be the result of selectivity in the choice of the forage species consumed. In earlier reported studies sheep were found to be more selective than alpacas and refused those species which usually were more lignified. Another reason for discrepancies may be the quality of feed used. With lower quality feed, differences between alpaca and sheep were greater than with higher quality feed as measured by dietary crude protein. Greater efficiency of digestion in South America camelids may be due to such characteristics as the frequency of contractions of the forestomach, the rumination cycle, and the ratio of salivary flow to forestomach size. Alpaca in 117
Peru consumed mainly tall grasses in the wet season and short grasses in the dry season. Grass consumption was highest during the driest months. Forbs in the diet increased in the early wet season. Alpacas were noted as being highly adaptable grazers, responding not only to season but to the kind and mixture of plant species available, Studies of the dietary composition of llamas, alpacas, and sheep on pastures of differing quality showed that sheep preferred legumes. Lower selectivity for legumes by South America camelids may explain why bloat has not been reported. On range lands llamas selected the tall coarse bunch grasses and they ate more stems and less leaves than alpacas and sheep. In a complementary grazing system, llamas and sheep offer the most efficient way for harvesting available forage. South American camelids are physiologically adapted to high altitudes and the sparse fibrous vegetation of the Altiplano. Greater digestion capability was observed in South American camelids than in sheep when fed Avena sativa (oat straw) and Chenopodiumquinona used as crop residues. Oat straw treated with ammonia increased the consumption by all three animal species when compared with untreated oat straw. Field work ceased and publications are pending on projects on digestion of tree and shrub foliage by goats and diet quality and intake by goats on the North Coast rangelands. Herded Corriedale sheep grazing native range in southern Peru shifted from shortgrass in the dry season, to grasslike plants in the early rainy season and to tall grasses in the late rainy season. Crude protein decreased with increased maturity of the vegetation and was highly correlated to digestible energy. A three-year study with sheep in the central Andes using native and improved pasture showed that ewes grazing the cultivated pasture for seven weeks prior to breeding had a higher percentage of lambs born. Ewes grazing improved pasture during the last trimester of gestation and early lactation produced lambs 118 that had higher birth weights, weaning weights, and average daily gain than did lambs on other treatments. Adult alpacas raised on range and monitored for one year had body weights and greasy fleece weights similar to those adults given partial or total access to cultivated pastures. Greasy fleece weights were 20 to 40% greater under good range than the Andean averages and 50 to 100% greater than production systems with low levels of technological inputs. Lambs born to female alpaca that grazed cultivated pastures were weaned three months earlier, and were bred one year earlier than females on native ranges. Research Results 1. Complimentary grazing and comparative nutrition of llama, alpaca, and sheep. Objective To determine forage partioning among free-grazing ruminants and their respective nutritional demands for proper management. Problem Statement and Approach Competitive relationships among small Copetite impatonhirnmon s ruminants and the impact on their nutrition has not been adequately investigated in the Altiplano. Data on diets, nutrients consumed, and digestive kinetics of mixed-species grazing groups was collected. Justification Information on common-use grazing is scant. Proper mixes of the most important small ruminants must be determined. Project Progress Several trials of comparative in vivo digestibility between alpacas and sheep, and llamas and sheep, have been reported. Only one
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198 199-... Annu..a Repo.. "" >' ''
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Small Ruminant Collaborative Resear
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41 Breeding More Prolific Strains o
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Foreword This 1989-90 Annual Report
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Maps Maps of the countries with whi
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Kenya ix
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Lima Peru xi
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Breeding a Genetically Improved Dua
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Toggenburg x 1/4 Anglo Nubian x 1/4
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HSA12 BOVINE MOUSE GAPD 13 TPI 1 12
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Over one-third of the phenotypic va
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example, the EAG does may have been
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years of age resulted in upward tre
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Figure 5. Fingerprinted with the M1
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not significant. This could imply t
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Table 9. Least squares constants &
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Blackburn, H.D., and J.F. Taylor. 1
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milk on a regular basis, only a sma
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Training Progress and Institutional
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Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
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With the DPG, farmers have acquired
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IDRC, and ILCA. The best performers
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kidded at the tasseling stage of th
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workshop held in Nairobi. Each pres
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* University of California, Davis B
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U.S. Institution Department of Anim
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and F2 sheep at the Tadla Farm and
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component of the US. participation
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survival in lines of sheep selected
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Java. Working Paper, SR-CRSP, Bogor
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Summary In Morocco cereal stubble r
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of cottonseed meal/day between week
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the last month of pregnancy on ewe
Page 67 and 68: By-Product and Crop Residue Utiliza
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Page 71 and 72: weights, lambs born, lamb birth wei
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Page 75 and 76: * Colorado State University Animal
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Page 79 and 80: vitro propagation of its causative
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Page 89 and 90: Myers, F.J., B.R. Madewell, P.H. Gu
Page 91 and 92: Bazalar, H. and C. McCorkle (eds.)
Page 93 and 94: can be devastating in susceptible p
Page 95 and 96: nymphs and adults. However, a high
Page 97 and 98: Other Contributions Contributions T
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Page 105 and 106: Range Research for Increasing Small
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Page 109 and 110: Table 3. Results from the supplemen
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Page 115 and 116: Training Progress and Institutional
Page 117: Productivity of Artemisia herba-alb
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Page 123 and 124: Table 5. Dry matter consumption (kg
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Page 127 and 128: Internatl. Stockman's School Handbo
Page 129 and 130: * University of Missouri Socioecono
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Page 133 and 134: Publications The following publicat
Page 135 and 136: Research Results Objectives Project
Page 137 and 138: Publications Thesis and Dissertatio
Page 139 and 140: Training Progress and Institutional
Page 141 and 142: Fernadez, M.E., and N. Canales. 198
Page 143 and 144: ment required a changed attitude on
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Page 147 and 148: Study in Cigudeg Subdistrict, Distr
Page 149 and 150: Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
Page 151 and 152: * Expenditures by Program Project E
Page 153 and 154: SMALL RUMINANT CRSP USAID GRANT NO.
Page 155 and 156: Summary of Host Country Contributio
Page 157: I! t, 199 I ---. III JaeHeso CarlMe
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