Research Results - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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Sociological Analysis of Small Ruminant Production Systems in the United States Principal Investigator liniversity of Missouri-Columbia Michael F.Nolan M. F. Nolan, Department of Rural Sociology, 269 Agriculture Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211 Collaborating Personnel H. Bazalar, Veterinary Scientist, IV1TA/SR-CRSP J.DeWeese, Senior Social Science Librarian, UMC D. L. Esslinger, Agricultural Communicator, UMC M. F. Fernandez, Sociology Resident Scientist, UMC J.L. Gilles, Sociologist, UMC D. Adkins, Information Officer, UMC E.Mathias-Mundy, Veterinary Scientist, Iowa State University C. M. McCorkle, Anthropologist, UMC T. Schillhorn van Veen, Veterinary Scientist, Michigan State University U.S. Institution Department of Rural Sociology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211 Research Results Objectives The Sociology Project laid out five plans of synthesizing, cross-site research, analysis, and/or write-up for 1989-90. These U.S. efforts were designed to build upon the project's more than ten years of research to arrive at more general principles applicable across regions. Project Progress and Achievements Model of Biosocial Roles in Crop and Livestock Production Building upon SR-CRSP experiences in Peru and Kenya plus additional documentation from around the world, this thrust was intended to model the relative, culture-specific responsibilities of men, women, boys, girls, community groups, etc. in decision-making, technological knowledge, management, and taskwork in plant and animal agriculture. The larger aim was to provide guidelines for development planners in mounting and directing livestock interventions and information to the groups who could best utilize them. Unfortunately, work on this proposed subproject was tabled for lack of sufficient personnel. Women in Livestock Development This constituted a supporting subproject to the above, geared toward initial document 131
and data collection, with the aim of producing an annotated bibiliography. Again, however, human resources to implement this study were not forthcoming. Ethnoveterinary R&D: A Global Perspective In conjunction with Peruvian, Dutch, and German veterinarians, an annotated bibliography of ethnoveterinary knowledge and practice worldwide was prepared and published (see publications lists), including a 48-page analytic overview. The purpose was to begin to assess the possibility of utilizing or modifying indigenous animal health technologies as lowcost alternatives to conventional ones that are too expensive, inaccessible, or incomprehensible to smallholder stockraisers. Also planned under this subproject was publication in Peru of an annotated, Spanish-language bibliography on ethnoveterinary R&D in Latin America. Due to the SR-CRSP/Peru phase-down, however, these materials did not reach print. However, additional, unplanned publications were completed, including preparation and submission for journal publication of a review article on ethnoveterinary medicine in Africa and preparation and presentation of a parallel review for Asia at the Second International Congress of Ethnobiology, Kunming, China, October 1990. Sociology of Range Management This subproject, which constituted the M.S. thesis of Mr. Ibrahima Garba of Niger (see training and publications), consisted of an overview and analysis of shortcomings in the planning of USAID range and livestock development initiatives in Africa. The aim was to learn from past mistakes in mounting future efforts. The study concluded that the failure of livestock projects in Africa during the 1970s and 1980s was not due to institutional or cultural factors but rather to the planning process itself. PI'.nners frequently developed programs based on untenable assumptions about local institutions and producers. This is not surprising given that local officials and experts had only minimal involvement in project planning, and that herders and livestock producers typically 132 had virtually no input into the design of livestock initiatives. Synthesis of a Decade of Research Results from the SR-CRSP Research alone is of little value unless results are thoroughly analyzed, synthesized, and reported in a fashion intelligible and accessible to both social- and technical-science investigators in agricultural development, plus government administrators and general publics in the countries concerned. A continuation of activities begun in 1986, the objective of this subproject is to prepare manuscripts and other materials with the following content and structure (excluding those products already noted above). 1. The Social Sciences in InternationalAgricultural Research: Lessons from the CRSPs. An edited anthology that reached print in 1989 (Lynne Rienner Publishers), this book focuses on the roles of sociology and anthropology in international agricultural R&D, within the CRSP paradigm of melding social and biological research. The volume features contributions from social scientists on five CRSPs (Bean/Cowpea, Nutrition, Peanut, Small Ruminant, and Sorghum/ Millet) and a special section of commentary by CRSP technical scientists in agricultural economics, animal science, food science, and plant breeding. One hundred copies were distributed to AID missions worldwide. 2. Plants,Animals, and People: Agropastoral Systems Research is a five-site synthesis of interdisciplinary research to date by Sociology Project investigators (both U.S. and host country). The book is now under contract to Westview Press and will appear in 1991. The anthology incorporates 12 chapters spanning research by rural sociologists, anthropologists, economists, range managers, human ecologists, and others linked with the project. 3. EthnoveterinaryResearchand Development (in progress, under contract with Kegan Paul International) is an anthology of approximately 20 chapters by veterinarians, anthropologists,
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198 199-... Annu..a Repo.. "" >' ''
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Small Ruminant Collaborative Resear
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41 Breeding More Prolific Strains o
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Foreword This 1989-90 Annual Report
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Maps Maps of the countries with whi
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Kenya ix
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Lima Peru xi
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Breeding a Genetically Improved Dua
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Toggenburg x 1/4 Anglo Nubian x 1/4
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HSA12 BOVINE MOUSE GAPD 13 TPI 1 12
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Over one-third of the phenotypic va
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example, the EAG does may have been
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years of age resulted in upward tre
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Figure 5. Fingerprinted with the M1
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not significant. This could imply t
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Table 9. Least squares constants &
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Blackburn, H.D., and J.F. Taylor. 1
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milk on a regular basis, only a sma
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Training Progress and Institutional
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Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
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With the DPG, farmers have acquired
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IDRC, and ILCA. The best performers
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kidded at the tasseling stage of th
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workshop held in Nairobi. Each pres
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* University of California, Davis B
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U.S. Institution Department of Anim
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and F2 sheep at the Tadla Farm and
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component of the US. participation
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survival in lines of sheep selected
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Java. Working Paper, SR-CRSP, Bogor
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Summary In Morocco cereal stubble r
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of cottonseed meal/day between week
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the last month of pregnancy on ewe
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By-Product and Crop Residue Utiliza
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Research Results Objectives 1. To c
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weights, lambs born, lamb birth wei
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Asystasia was the best, especially
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* Colorado State University Animal
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viral proteins are required for fur
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Page 87 and 88: laboratories and deterioration of t
Page 89 and 90: Myers, F.J., B.R. Madewell, P.H. Gu
Page 91 and 92: Bazalar, H. and C. McCorkle (eds.)
Page 93 and 94: can be devastating in susceptible p
Page 95 and 96: nymphs and adults. However, a high
Page 97 and 98: Other Contributions Contributions T
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Page 109 and 110: Table 3. Results from the supplemen
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Page 115 and 116: Training Progress and Institutional
Page 117 and 118: Productivity of Artemisia herba-alb
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Page 121 and 122: Greater efficiency of digestion in
Page 123 and 124: Table 5. Dry matter consumption (kg
Page 125 and 126: Alpaca. Data is scare about alpacas
Page 127 and 128: Internatl. Stockman's School Handbo
Page 129: * University of Missouri Socioecono
Page 133 and 134: Publications The following publicat
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Page 137 and 138: Publications Thesis and Dissertatio
Page 139 and 140: Training Progress and Institutional
Page 141 and 142: Fernadez, M.E., and N. Canales. 198
Page 143 and 144: ment required a changed attitude on
Page 145 and 146: 1. Introduce selected farmers to pr
Page 147 and 148: Study in Cigudeg Subdistrict, Distr
Page 149 and 150: Economic Analysis of Small Ruminant
Page 151 and 152: * Expenditures by Program Project E
Page 153 and 154: SMALL RUMINANT CRSP USAID GRANT NO.
Page 155 and 156: Summary of Host Country Contributio
Page 157: I! t, 199 I ---. III JaeHeso CarlMe
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