2 Homometallic Alkoxides

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450 Alkoxo and Aryloxo Derivatives of Metals 2.2.2 Biphenoxides and Bis(phenol)methanes Both biphenol (from oxidative coupling of phenols) and bis(phenol)methane (formaldehyde/phenol condensation) as well as their substituted derivatives have been used as ligands (Scheme 6.4). 44,45 The binaphthol unit (typically generated by oxidative coupling of 2-naphthol) has also been extensively used to generate chiral aryloxides bound through both aryloxide oxygen atoms. 46,47 The low solubility and small steric size of parent binaphthol has led to the development of synthetic routes to substituted derivatives (Scheme 6.4). 48–50 The chiral ligand 6,6 0 -dimethyl-3,3 0 ,5,5 0 -tetra-tert-butyl- 1,1 0 -biphenyl-2,2 0 -diol has been synthesized, resolved, and applied to Mo-catalysed metathesis reactions. 51,52 A variety of chelating, diaryloxo ligands have been applied to metal-catalysed olefin polymerization studies. Bridging groups include methylene, 53 ethylene, 54 sulfur, 55 tellurium, 56 and sulfinyl units. 57 The metal coordination chemistry of a large number of other bis-phenolic reagents has also been investigated, e.g. those derived from salicylic acid and diammines (Scheme 6.5). 58 In some of these ligands the phenoxy groups are chemically non-equivalent. OH OH Bu t Bu t Bu t SiR3 OH OH SiR3 OH OH Bu t (i) 2NaH (ii) ClCH2OMe (i) 2BuLi (ii) H + 2.2.3 Bis-salicylaldimines Me 3C Me Me OH OH OMOM OMOM Br OSiR3 OSiR3 Br Scheme 6.4 (i) 2BuLi (ii) C2F4Br2 (i) 2NaH (ii) ClSiR3 CMe3 H + Br OMOM OMOM The bis-aryloxide ligands obtained by condensation of two equivalents of salicylaldehyde with diammines, exemplified by bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediimine (salen), constitute one of the most important classes of ligands in coordination chemistry. 59 Br Br OH OH Br
Cl S N N OH O Cl Me 3C NH HN OH HO HO Cl O H H N N CMe3 OH HO Me3C Scheme 6.5 Cl OH N HO CMe 3 N N H N OH HO Metal Aryloxides 451 Changing the diammine backbone and/or introducing substituents at the ˛-carbon or within the phenoxy ring can easily modify these tetradentate ligands. Ligands derived from resolved, chiral diammines have been employed in the synthesis of catalysts for asymmetric epoxidation, and are finding utility in other areas (Scheme 6.5). 60–62 The presence of one or more donor groups in the diammine backbone leads to pentaand hexadentate ligands, some of which favour the formation of dinuclear complexes (Scheme 6.5). 2.2.4 Macrocyclic Bis-phenoxides The pioneering work of Robson and Pilkington showed the metal-mediated template condensation of 2,6-diformyl-4-methylphenol with 1,3-diaminopropane to produce the dimetal derivatives of a new macrocyclic bis-phenoxide ligand. 63 These ligands favour formation of binuclear species with the metal centres bridged by the two phenoxide oxygen atoms. 64 The parent ligand (Scheme 6.6) has also been synthesized directly from the organic substrates in the absence of a metal template. 65 This initial work was followed by the rapid development of related compartmentalized ligands, e.g. partially and totally saturated analogues, 66 ligands with differing size chelate bridges, 67 nonsymmetric coordination environments for the phenoxide bridged metals, 68 and the introduction of extra donor groups into the chelate backbone. 69–72 Much of the work in this area and the related studies utilizing binucleating mono-phenoxides (Section 2.1.3) has been stimulated by the expectation of mimicking the active sites in various metalloenzymes. 73
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Alkoxo and Aryloxo Derivatives of M
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1 Introduction In 1978 the book ent
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1 INTRODUCTION 2 Homometallic Alkox
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Homometallic Alkoxides 5 to complet
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Table 2.1 (Continued) Homometallic
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Homometallic Alkoxides 15 reactivit
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Homometallic Alkoxides 17 By contra
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Homometallic Alkoxides 19 2.3 React
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Homometallic Alkoxides 21 has been
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Homometallic Alkoxides 23 obtain on
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y Evans and co-workers: 160,161 Hom
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Homometallic Alkoxides 27 The heter
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Homometallic Alkoxides 29 not conve
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Homometallic Alkoxides 31 In view o
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2.7.2 Steric Factors Homometallic A
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Homometallic Alkoxides 35 (b) When
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Homometallic Alkoxides 37 2.8 Trans
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Homometallic Alkoxides 39 with orga
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2.9.1.1 Alkoxides of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr
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MfN⊲SiMe3⊳2g2thfx C2HOR, Cpy !C
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Homometallic Alkoxides 45 2.10 Misc
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Zr⊲CH2Bu t ⊳4 C 4RfOH benzene !
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2.10.5 By Insertion of Oxygen into
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Homometallic Alkoxides 51 First hom
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O M R M OR M OR RO M (M = Tl; R = M
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Homometallic Alkoxides 55 3. Nuclea
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Homometallic Alkoxides 57 explain t
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Decomposition (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0
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Table 2.6 Volatilities of tetravale
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Homometallic Alkoxides 63 deduced t
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Table 2.10 Vapour pressure of Ti, Z
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Homometallic Alkoxides 67 Table 2.1
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3.2.10 Alkoxides of Later 3d Metals
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Homometallic Alkoxides 71 Table 2.1
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Homometallic Alkoxides 73 affected
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Homometallic Alkoxides 75 the range
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Homometallic Alkoxides 77 several c
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Homometallic Alkoxides 81 In toluen
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Bu t O Bu t O Bu t O Th O O Bu O t
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Homometallic Alkoxides 85 1H NMR st
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Homometallic Alkoxides 87 septet wa
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Homometallic Alkoxides 89 experimen
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Table 2.21 1 H NMR spectra of Al4(O
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Homometallic Alkoxides 93 3.5 Elect
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Homometallic Alkoxides 95 ligand fi
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Homometallic Alkoxides 97 susceptib
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10 −1 /xM 12 10 −200 −100 0 [
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Homometallic Alkoxides 101 alkoxide
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Homometallic Alkoxides 103 fragment
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Homometallic Alkoxides 105 The mass
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Homometallic Alkoxides 107 [Al⊲OP
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Homometallic Alkoxides 109 Under ca
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4.3.2 Phenol-Alcohol Exchange React
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4.4 Reactions with Alkanolamines Ho
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Homometallic Alkoxides 115 R D Pr i
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Homometallic Alkoxides 117 La(OPr i
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Homometallic Alkoxides 119 with the
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Homometallic Alkoxides 121 about 1.
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Homometallic Alkoxides 123 concentr
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Homometallic Alkoxides 125 and othe
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Homometallic Alkoxides 127 Interest
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OH Monofunctional bidentate HC N R
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Homometallic Alkoxides 131 metal al
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Homometallic Alkoxides 133 which yi
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shown in Eq. (2.286): O Mo2(OEt)6 H
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Homometallic Alkoxides 137 Phenyl i
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Homometallic Alkoxides 139 The 1990
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Eqs (2.312)-(2.315): where R D l-ad
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Homometallic Alkoxides 143 On the b
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Homometallic Alkoxides 145 The form
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Homometallic Alkoxides 147 On furth
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4.16 Interactions Between Two Diffe
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4Mo2(OPr i )6 + 18CO (excess) Homom
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isolobality of CR 0 and W⊲OR⊳3
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W2(OR)8 (R = CH2Bu t ) + CO + H2C C
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Homometallic Alkoxides 157 43. J.S.
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Homometallic Alkoxides 159 122. P.N
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Homometallic Alkoxides 161 201. A.
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Homometallic Alkoxides 163 281. R.C
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Homometallic Alkoxides 165 358. L.A
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Homometallic Alkoxides 167 430. M.R
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Homometallic Alkoxides 169 521. I.
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Homometallic Alkoxides 171 N.I. Koz
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Homometallic Alkoxides 177 876. J.
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Homometallic Alkoxides 179 966. H.
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Homometallic Alkoxides 181 1054. M.
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184 Alkoxo and Aryloxo Derivatives
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236 Table 4.1 (Continued) M-O Bond
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244 Table 4.3 Alkoxides of aluminiu
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248 Table 4.4 Alkoxides of germaniu
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256 Table 4.6 Alkoxides of scandium
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264 Table 4.7 Alkoxides of lanthani
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276 Table 4.9 Alkoxides of titanium
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278 Table 4.9 (Continued) Bond leng
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300 Table 4.11 Alkoxides of chromiu
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302 Table 4.11 (Continued) Metal M-
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316 Table 4.11 (Continued) Metal M-
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322 Table 4.12 Alkoxides of mangane
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332 Table 4.16 Alkoxides of zinc, c
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340 Table 4.17 (Continued) Coordina
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348 Table 4.18 Bimetallic alkoxides
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354 Table 4.19 Heterometallic alkox
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394 Table 5.2 Chemical shifts from
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Page 399 and 400: 398 Alkoxo and Aryloxo Derivatives
Page 401 and 402: 400 Table 5.3 Scandium, yttrium, la
Page 403 and 404: 402 Table 5.3 (continued) Metal Oxo
Page 407 and 408: 406 Table 5.4 Titanium and zirconiu
Page 421 and 422: 420 Table 5.6 Chromium sub-group me
Page 445 and 446: 1 INTRODUCTION 6 Metal Aryloxides T
Page 447 and 448: Metal Aryloxides 447 or both of the
Page 449: R1 OH O R2 R3NH2 −H2O Scheme 6.3
Page 453 and 454: N OH N OH Me 3C Me3C HO HO N N OH H
Page 455 and 456: Metal Aryloxides 455 2Ln C 3Hg⊲C6
Page 457 and 458: Metal Aryloxides 457 Mixed halo, ar
Page 459 and 460: product metal aryloxide 1e,1f (Eqs
Page 461 and 462: Metal Aryloxides 461 Eqs 6.39 and 6
Page 463 and 464: O Mg Mg OAr O Metal Aryloxides 463
Page 465 and 466: 3.7 From Metal Hydrides Metal Arylo
Page 467 and 468: Metal Aryloxides 467 Two other impo
Page 469 and 470: Metal Aryloxides 469 Table 6.1 Meta
Page 471 and 472: Table 6.3 W-OAr distances for vario
Page 473 and 474: Metal Aryloxides 473 At first it is
Page 475 and 476: Zr−O distance (Å) V−O distance
Page 477 and 478: Metal Aryloxides 477 as expected ar
Page 479 and 480: Metal Aryloxides 479 whereas R D Me
Page 481 and 482: where OAr = O But But H3C H3C O Ta
Page 483 and 484: PPh 2 Ph P Pt OAr PPh2 where OAr =
Page 485 and 486: 6 SURVEY OF METAL ARYLOXIDES 6.1 Sp
Page 487 and 488: 487 Na2[V(O) 2(OAr) 2]2.4H2O.DMF 6-
Page 489 and 490: 489 [Tc(O)(OAr)(di-OAr)] 8-quin 2.0
Page 491 and 492: 491 [Ni3⊲OAr⊳6][ClO4].EtOH 8-qu
Page 493 and 494: 493 [Pt(OAr⊳2](tcnq) sq. planar P
Page 495 and 496: 495 [Al(OAr) 3].MeOH 8-quin 1.850 (
Page 497 and 498: 497 [Sb(OAr) 2⊲S2COEt⊳] pentago
Page 499 and 500: 499 [Tc(O)(OAr)(N-salicylideneDD-gl
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Metal Aryloxides 501 A contribution
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503 Table 6.8 Metal bi-phenolates B
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505 Table 6.9 Metal binaphtholates
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507 [TiCl2(di-OAr)]2 two tetrahedra
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Metal Aryloxides 509 co-workers hav
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511 [Li⊲ 2-OAr⊳]3 planar Li3O3
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513 Table 6.11 Sodium aryloxides Bo
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Table 6.12 Potassium aryloxides Met
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Table 6.15 Magnesium aryloxides Met
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519 Table 6.18 Barium aryloxides Bo
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521 Table 6.19 Group 3 metal and la
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523 [Me4N]La2Na2⊲ 4-OAr⊳⊲ 3-O
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525 [Nd⊲OC6H3Ph- 6-C6H5⊳⊲OC6H
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527 [⊲THF⊳Li⊲ 2-OAr⊳2Sm⊲C
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529 [Eu⊲ 2-OAr⊳4⊲OAr⊳2⊲ 3
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531 [Yb(OAr) 3⊲THF⊳2].THF squar
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Metal Aryloxides 533 carbon atoms a
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535 [Cp Ł Th(OAr)⊲CH2SiMe3⊳2]
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Metal Aryloxides 537 amido compound
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539 Table 6.21 Titanium aryloxides
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541 [Ti2⊲ 2-OAr⊳2(OAr) 2Cl4]2 e
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543 [Ti(OAr) 2⊲NMe2⊳2] tetrahed
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545 [Ti(OAr) 3Bu t ] tetrahedral Ti
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547 [⊲ArO⊳2Ti⊲ 2-ButNDCC4Et4C
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549 [Cp⊲C5H3Me-Pri-1,2)Ti(OAr)Cl]
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551 [CpTi(OAr) 2⊲HPPh⊳] OC6H3Pr
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553 [Ti⊲di-OAr⊳Cl2].THF 6-coord
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555 Table 6.22 Zirconium aryloxides
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557 [Zr(Ind-OAr) 2] 1-indenylphenox
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559 [Cp2Zr(OAr)] 18-electron Zr, tw
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Metal Aryloxides 561 The thermal st
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Metal Aryloxides 563 can only arise
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565 1.839 (2) 138 1.854 (2) 140 [(t
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567 [V(OAr) 3-N-Li(THF) 3] tetrahed
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569 [V(O)(di-OAr)] 6-coord. V, both
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571 cis,mer-[Nb(OAr) 2Cl3(THF)] dis
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573 [Nb⊲OC6H3Ph- 4-C6H7⊳⊲OAr
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575 Table 6.26 Tantalum aryloxides
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577 [(THF)(ArO) 3Ta⊲DNND⊳Ta(OAr
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579 [Ta(OAr) 2Cl2⊲CH2C6H5⊳] tbp
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581 [Ta(OAr) 2Cl⊲ 6-C6Me6⊳] OC6
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583 [Ta(OAr)⊲OC6H3Pri- 2-CMeDCH2
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585 [f(TMEDA)Na⊲ 2-OAr⊳2g2Cr] 4
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587 Table 6.28 Molybdenum aryloxide
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589 [Mo2⊲OAr⊳5⊲NMe2⊳⊲HNMe
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591 [Mo(Hdi-OAr) 2] 6-coord. Mo, on
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593 [W2⊲OAr⊳6⊲HNMe2⊳2] OC6F
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595 [W(OAr) 2⊲DNBu t ⊳2] OC6H3P
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597 [W(OC6H3Ph- 1-C6H4⊳2⊲PMePh2
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599 [W⊲OC6HPh3- 1-C6H4-c-C5H8C- O
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601 [⊲OC⊳3Mn⊲C4H4N⊳Mn⊲CO3
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603 Table 6.32 Simple aryloxides of
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607 [NEt4]3fFe6⊲ 4-S⊳4⊲OAr⊳
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609 [Ru(OAr) 2(CO)(py-CMeO-4)] cis-
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Table 6.35 Simple aryloxides of osm
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Metal Aryloxides 613 states, e.g. [
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Bu t O Bu t (6-I) Bu t Bu t O Metal
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6.2.10 Group 9 Metal Aryloxides Met
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Table 6.38 Simple aryloxides of iri
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Metal Aryloxides 621 Table 6.39 (Co
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623 [Pd(OAr)⊲C6H3fCH2NMe2g2-2,6)]
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Metal Aryloxides 625 Table 6.41 Sim
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629 [(RNC) 2Cu⊲ 2-OAr⊳2Cu(CNR)
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Metal Aryloxides 631 The two-coordi
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Table 6.45 (Continued) Metal Arylox
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Table 6.47 Simple aryloxides of mer
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637 Table 6.48 Aluminium aryloxides
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639 [⊲ArO⊳2Al⊲ -OAr⊳2Mg(THF
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641 [Al(OAr) 2⊲i-Bu⊳] trigonal
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643 [Al(OAr)Cl(Me)⊲NH2But⊳] OC6
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645 Table 6.49 Gallium aryloxides B
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647 Table 6.50 Indium aryloxides Bo
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Metal Aryloxides 649 Table 6.53 Tin
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651 Table 6.56 Bismuth aryloxides B
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REFERENCES Metal Aryloxides 653 1.
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Metal Aryloxides 655 56. Y. Nakayam
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Metal Aryloxides 657 123. T.W. Coff
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Metal Aryloxides 659 202. A. Bell,
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Metal Aryloxides 661 268. K. Ishiha
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Metal Aryloxides 663 341. B.S. Kali
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Metal Aryloxides 665 405. P.N. Rile
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Metal Aryloxides 667 483. Y. Hayash
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Metal Aryloxides 669 561. A.P. Shre
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688 Index alkoxometallate(IV) ligan
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690 Index cerium oxo-isopropoxide 3
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692 Index gas-phase photoelectron s
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694 Index lead tert-butoxide 386 Le
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696 Index metal-hydrogen bonds clea
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698 Index oxo-alkoxides 384, 385, 3
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700 Index sodium hydroxide 142 sodi
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702 Index titanium dichloride dieth
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704 Index X X-ray Absorption Near E
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2 Homometallic Alkoxides

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