2 Homometallic Alkoxides

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626 Alkoxo and Aryloxo Derivatives of Metals Hydrido, phenoxides have been isolated by treatment of trans-[Ni(H)Cl(PR3)2](RD Pri ,Cy,CH2Ph) and trans-[Pt(H)(NO3)(PEt3)2] with NaOPh. 243,244 Bis(aryloxides) of nickel have been obtained by metathetical exchange reactions as well as addition of phenols to [Ni(PMe3)4]. 496,497 In the case of palladium, treatment of [Pd(O2CMe)2] with two equivalents of NaOAr in the presence of chelating diamine ligands yields [Pd(OAr)2(L–L)] (L–L D bipy, TMEDA, etc.). 498 The platinum compounds [Pt(OAr)2(dppe)] react with CO to form intermediate bis(aryloxycarbonyl) complexes which finally produce ArOCO2Ar, CO2, and[Pt(CO)2(dppe)]. 238 Mechanistic studies show that the overall deoxygenation of one of the aryloxide ligands proceeds via a benzyne intermediate. Treatment of [Pd2Cl2(L–L)2] (L–LD dppm, dmpm) with Na or KOAr leads to the corresponding Pd(I)–Pd(I) bis(aryloxides). 499 Reaction with CO led to insertion into the Pd–Pd bond. The allyl compounds [( 3-allyl)M( 2-OAr)2M( 3-allyl)] (M D Ni, 500 Pd501 )have been obtained by treating [( 3-allyl)Ni( 2-Br)2Ni( 3-allyl)] and [( 3-allyl)Pd( 2- Cl)2Pd( 3-allyl)] with Li/NaOAr and [NBun 4 ][OH]/phenol respectively. The nickel compounds were found to exist as a mixture of cis/trans isomers. The equilibration of isomers, either by allyl rotation or opening up of an aryloxide bridge, can occur on the NMR time scale depending on the nature of the aryloxide ligand. 500 The OC6F5, OC6H3(CF3)2-3,5 and OC6H2(CF3)3-2,4,6 derivatives initiate the rapid polymerization of 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,3-butadiene to high-molecular-weight 1,4-linked polymers. The palladium complexes, OAr D OC6H4X-4 (X D H, Me, Cl, Br, NO2) react with PPh3 to form [( 3-allyl)Pd(OAr)(PPh3)]. 501 6.2.12 Group 11 Metal Aryloxides An important aspect of copper aryloxide chemistry is the homogeneous copper/amine catalysed oxidative coupling of phenols. For example the repeated C–O coupling of 2,6dimethylphenol leads to a poly(phenylene-ether) which is an extensively used plastic owing to its high chemical and thermal stability. 502,503 Typically the reactions are carried out using either Cu(II) salts (e.g. chloride or nitrate) or Cu(I) compounds in the presence of base, amine (e.g. N-methylimidazole) and oxygen as the oxidant. The mechanism of the reaction is complex, but has received both theoretical 504,505 and experimental 506 study. Kinetics show the reaction obeys simple saturation kinetics with respect to phenol, with phenol oxidation possibly being the rate-determining step. 507 The theoretical and experimental data support a mechanism in which dinuclear phenolate-bridged copper(II) species act as intermediates affording phenoxonium cations after a double one-electron transfer. A number of simple coordination compounds of Cu(II) aryloxides have been isolated (Table 6.42) typically with electron-withdrawing substituents, e.g. [Cu(OC6H3Cl2-2,6)2(N-methylimidazole)2], 508 or chelating aryloxides, e.g. [Cu(OC6H3Ph-4-CH2NEt2-2)2] 509 and [Cu( 2-OAr)(OAr)]2 (OAr D OC6H3(2 0 -py- Bu t -4)-2). 510 Copper(I) aryloxides can be formed by treating CuCl with NaOAr 511 or by adding phenols to organo-copper(I) compounds such as mesityl-copper or [MeCu(PPh3)]. 512 In the absence of donor ligands the [Cu(OAr)]n derivatives are sparingly soluble and adopted structures were assumed on the basis of known Cu(I) alkyls and alkoxides. However, since 1996 the homoleptic compounds [Cu( 2-OC6H3Ph2-2,6)]4 and
627 Table 6.42 Simple aryloxides of copper Bond length ( ˚A) Bond angle ( Ž ) Compound Aryloxide M–O M–O–Ar Ref. [Cu⊲ 2-OAr⊳]4 planar Cu4O4 core, 2-coord. Cu [Cu⊲ 2-OAr⊳]4 distorted cubic Cu4O4 core, 4-coord. Cu [Cu⊲ 2-OAr⊳⊲OAr⊳]2 tbp Cu with axial O and 2-O [Cu(OAr) 2⊲imidazole⊳2].H2O all trans, Cl bound [Cu(OAr) 2⊲N -methylimidazole⊳2] all trans, Cl bound [(THF)(tfd)Cu⊲ 2-OAr⊳2Cu(tfd)(THF)] tfd D 1,1,1-trifluoro-acac, square pyramidal Cu, axial THF [Cu(OAr) 2] square planar Cu, trans CuO2N2, chelating OAr [Cu(OAr) 2] square planar Cu, trans CuO2N2, chelating OAr [Cu⊲ 2-OAr⊳⊲O2CMe⊳]2 5-coord. Cu, bidentate acetate, chelating OAr [Cu⊲ 2-OAr⊳⊲O2CMe⊳⊲HOMe⊳]2 5-coord. Cu, monodentate acetate, chelating OAr [Cu2⊲ 2-OAr⊳2⊲ 2-O2CMe⊳][PF6] square pyramidal Cu, axial 2-O 2-OC6H3Ph2-2,6 1.834 (7)–1.865 (7) i 3-OC6H4- 2-CH2CHDCH2-2 1.980 (5), 1.927 (5) 2.747 (5) ii OC6H3⊲20-py-But-4)-2 2-OC6H3⊲20-py-But-4)-2 OC6H2Cl3-2,4,6 1.889 (2) 1.915 (1), 2.193 (2) 1.97 (1) 122 130 iii iv OC6H3Cl2-2,6 1.942 (4) 126 v 2-OC6F5 1.952 (3), 1.960 (4) vi OC6H3Ph-4-CH2NMe2-2 1.884 (3) 1.897 (3) 127 118 OC6H3Ph-4-CH2NEt2-2 1.898 (2) 119 viii 2-OC6H3Ph-4-CH2NMe2-2 1.926 (2), 1.971 (2) vii 2-OC6H3Ph-4-CH2NMe2-2 1.987 (5), 1.985 (5) vii 2-OC6H4⊲2 0 -1,10-phen)-2 1.942 (2), 1.889 (3) ix vii (continued overleaf )
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Alkoxo and Aryloxo Derivatives of M
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1 Introduction In 1978 the book ent
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1 INTRODUCTION 2 Homometallic Alkox
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Homometallic Alkoxides 5 to complet
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Table 2.1 (Continued) Homometallic
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Homometallic Alkoxides 15 reactivit
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Homometallic Alkoxides 17 By contra
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Homometallic Alkoxides 19 2.3 React
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Homometallic Alkoxides 21 has been
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Homometallic Alkoxides 23 obtain on
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y Evans and co-workers: 160,161 Hom
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Homometallic Alkoxides 27 The heter
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Homometallic Alkoxides 29 not conve
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Homometallic Alkoxides 31 In view o
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2.7.2 Steric Factors Homometallic A
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Homometallic Alkoxides 35 (b) When
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Homometallic Alkoxides 37 2.8 Trans
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Homometallic Alkoxides 39 with orga
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2.9.1.1 Alkoxides of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr
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MfN⊲SiMe3⊳2g2thfx C2HOR, Cpy !C
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Homometallic Alkoxides 45 2.10 Misc
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Zr⊲CH2Bu t ⊳4 C 4RfOH benzene !
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2.10.5 By Insertion of Oxygen into
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Homometallic Alkoxides 51 First hom
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O M R M OR M OR RO M (M = Tl; R = M
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Homometallic Alkoxides 55 3. Nuclea
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Homometallic Alkoxides 57 explain t
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Decomposition (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0
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Table 2.6 Volatilities of tetravale
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Homometallic Alkoxides 63 deduced t
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Table 2.10 Vapour pressure of Ti, Z
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Homometallic Alkoxides 67 Table 2.1
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3.2.10 Alkoxides of Later 3d Metals
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Homometallic Alkoxides 71 Table 2.1
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Homometallic Alkoxides 73 affected
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Homometallic Alkoxides 75 the range
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Homometallic Alkoxides 77 several c
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Homometallic Alkoxides 81 In toluen
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Bu t O Bu t O Bu t O Th O O Bu O t
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Homometallic Alkoxides 85 1H NMR st
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Homometallic Alkoxides 87 septet wa
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Homometallic Alkoxides 89 experimen
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Table 2.21 1 H NMR spectra of Al4(O
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Homometallic Alkoxides 93 3.5 Elect
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Homometallic Alkoxides 95 ligand fi
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Homometallic Alkoxides 97 susceptib
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10 −1 /xM 12 10 −200 −100 0 [
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Homometallic Alkoxides 101 alkoxide
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Homometallic Alkoxides 103 fragment
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Homometallic Alkoxides 105 The mass
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Homometallic Alkoxides 107 [Al⊲OP
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Homometallic Alkoxides 109 Under ca
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4.3.2 Phenol-Alcohol Exchange React
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4.4 Reactions with Alkanolamines Ho
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Homometallic Alkoxides 115 R D Pr i
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Homometallic Alkoxides 117 La(OPr i
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Homometallic Alkoxides 119 with the
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Homometallic Alkoxides 121 about 1.
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Homometallic Alkoxides 123 concentr
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Homometallic Alkoxides 125 and othe
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Homometallic Alkoxides 127 Interest
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OH Monofunctional bidentate HC N R
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Homometallic Alkoxides 131 metal al
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Homometallic Alkoxides 133 which yi
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shown in Eq. (2.286): O Mo2(OEt)6 H
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Homometallic Alkoxides 137 Phenyl i
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Homometallic Alkoxides 139 The 1990
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Eqs (2.312)-(2.315): where R D l-ad
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Homometallic Alkoxides 143 On the b
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Homometallic Alkoxides 145 The form
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Homometallic Alkoxides 147 On furth
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4.16 Interactions Between Two Diffe
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4Mo2(OPr i )6 + 18CO (excess) Homom
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isolobality of CR 0 and W⊲OR⊳3
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W2(OR)8 (R = CH2Bu t ) + CO + H2C C
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Homometallic Alkoxides 157 43. J.S.
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Homometallic Alkoxides 159 122. P.N
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Homometallic Alkoxides 161 201. A.
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Homometallic Alkoxides 163 281. R.C
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Homometallic Alkoxides 165 358. L.A
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Homometallic Alkoxides 167 430. M.R
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Homometallic Alkoxides 169 521. I.
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Homometallic Alkoxides 171 N.I. Koz
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Homometallic Alkoxides 177 876. J.
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Homometallic Alkoxides 179 966. H.
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Homometallic Alkoxides 181 1054. M.
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184 Alkoxo and Aryloxo Derivatives
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236 Table 4.1 (Continued) M-O Bond
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244 Table 4.3 Alkoxides of aluminiu
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248 Table 4.4 Alkoxides of germaniu
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256 Table 4.6 Alkoxides of scandium
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264 Table 4.7 Alkoxides of lanthani
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276 Table 4.9 Alkoxides of titanium
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278 Table 4.9 (Continued) Bond leng
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300 Table 4.11 Alkoxides of chromiu
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302 Table 4.11 (Continued) Metal M-
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316 Table 4.11 (Continued) Metal M-
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322 Table 4.12 Alkoxides of mangane
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332 Table 4.16 Alkoxides of zinc, c
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340 Table 4.17 (Continued) Coordina
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348 Table 4.18 Bimetallic alkoxides
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354 Table 4.19 Heterometallic alkox
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394 Table 5.2 Chemical shifts from
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400 Table 5.3 Scandium, yttrium, la
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402 Table 5.3 (continued) Metal Oxo
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406 Table 5.4 Titanium and zirconiu
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420 Table 5.6 Chromium sub-group me
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1 INTRODUCTION 6 Metal Aryloxides T
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Metal Aryloxides 447 or both of the
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R1 OH O R2 R3NH2 −H2O Scheme 6.3
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Cl S N N OH O Cl Me 3C NH HN OH HO
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N OH N OH Me 3C Me3C HO HO N N OH H
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Metal Aryloxides 455 2Ln C 3Hg⊲C6
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Metal Aryloxides 457 Mixed halo, ar
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product metal aryloxide 1e,1f (Eqs
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Metal Aryloxides 461 Eqs 6.39 and 6
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O Mg Mg OAr O Metal Aryloxides 463
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3.7 From Metal Hydrides Metal Arylo
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Metal Aryloxides 467 Two other impo
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Metal Aryloxides 469 Table 6.1 Meta
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Table 6.3 W-OAr distances for vario
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Metal Aryloxides 473 At first it is
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Zr−O distance (Å) V−O distance
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Metal Aryloxides 477 as expected ar
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Metal Aryloxides 479 whereas R D Me
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where OAr = O But But H3C H3C O Ta
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PPh 2 Ph P Pt OAr PPh2 where OAr =
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6 SURVEY OF METAL ARYLOXIDES 6.1 Sp
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487 Na2[V(O) 2(OAr) 2]2.4H2O.DMF 6-
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489 [Tc(O)(OAr)(di-OAr)] 8-quin 2.0
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491 [Ni3⊲OAr⊳6][ClO4].EtOH 8-qu
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493 [Pt(OAr⊳2](tcnq) sq. planar P
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495 [Al(OAr) 3].MeOH 8-quin 1.850 (
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497 [Sb(OAr) 2⊲S2COEt⊳] pentago
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499 [Tc(O)(OAr)(N-salicylideneDD-gl
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Metal Aryloxides 501 A contribution
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503 Table 6.8 Metal bi-phenolates B
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505 Table 6.9 Metal binaphtholates
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507 [TiCl2(di-OAr)]2 two tetrahedra
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Metal Aryloxides 509 co-workers hav
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511 [Li⊲ 2-OAr⊳]3 planar Li3O3
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513 Table 6.11 Sodium aryloxides Bo
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Table 6.12 Potassium aryloxides Met
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Table 6.15 Magnesium aryloxides Met
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519 Table 6.18 Barium aryloxides Bo
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521 Table 6.19 Group 3 metal and la
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523 [Me4N]La2Na2⊲ 4-OAr⊳⊲ 3-O
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525 [Nd⊲OC6H3Ph- 6-C6H5⊳⊲OC6H
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527 [⊲THF⊳Li⊲ 2-OAr⊳2Sm⊲C
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529 [Eu⊲ 2-OAr⊳4⊲OAr⊳2⊲ 3
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531 [Yb(OAr) 3⊲THF⊳2].THF squar
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Metal Aryloxides 533 carbon atoms a
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535 [Cp Ł Th(OAr)⊲CH2SiMe3⊳2]
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Metal Aryloxides 537 amido compound
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539 Table 6.21 Titanium aryloxides
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541 [Ti2⊲ 2-OAr⊳2(OAr) 2Cl4]2 e
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543 [Ti(OAr) 2⊲NMe2⊳2] tetrahed
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545 [Ti(OAr) 3Bu t ] tetrahedral Ti
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547 [⊲ArO⊳2Ti⊲ 2-ButNDCC4Et4C
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549 [Cp⊲C5H3Me-Pri-1,2)Ti(OAr)Cl]
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551 [CpTi(OAr) 2⊲HPPh⊳] OC6H3Pr
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553 [Ti⊲di-OAr⊳Cl2].THF 6-coord
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555 Table 6.22 Zirconium aryloxides
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557 [Zr(Ind-OAr) 2] 1-indenylphenox
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559 [Cp2Zr(OAr)] 18-electron Zr, tw
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Metal Aryloxides 561 The thermal st
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Metal Aryloxides 563 can only arise
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565 1.839 (2) 138 1.854 (2) 140 [(t
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567 [V(OAr) 3-N-Li(THF) 3] tetrahed
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569 [V(O)(di-OAr)] 6-coord. V, both
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571 cis,mer-[Nb(OAr) 2Cl3(THF)] dis
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573 [Nb⊲OC6H3Ph- 4-C6H7⊳⊲OAr
Page 575 and 576: 575 Table 6.26 Tantalum aryloxides
Page 577 and 578: 577 [(THF)(ArO) 3Ta⊲DNND⊳Ta(OAr
Page 579 and 580: 579 [Ta(OAr) 2Cl2⊲CH2C6H5⊳] tbp
Page 581 and 582: 581 [Ta(OAr) 2Cl⊲ 6-C6Me6⊳] OC6
Page 583 and 584: 583 [Ta(OAr)⊲OC6H3Pri- 2-CMeDCH2
Page 585 and 586: 585 [f(TMEDA)Na⊲ 2-OAr⊳2g2Cr] 4
Page 587 and 588: 587 Table 6.28 Molybdenum aryloxide
Page 589 and 590: 589 [Mo2⊲OAr⊳5⊲NMe2⊳⊲HNMe
Page 591 and 592: 591 [Mo(Hdi-OAr) 2] 6-coord. Mo, on
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Page 597 and 598: 597 [W(OC6H3Ph- 1-C6H4⊳2⊲PMePh2
Page 599 and 600: 599 [W⊲OC6HPh3- 1-C6H4-c-C5H8C- O
Page 601 and 602: 601 [⊲OC⊳3Mn⊲C4H4N⊳Mn⊲CO3
Page 603 and 604: 603 Table 6.32 Simple aryloxides of
Page 605 and 606: 605 Table 6.33 Simple aryloxides of
Page 607 and 608: 607 [NEt4]3fFe6⊲ 4-S⊳4⊲OAr⊳
Page 609 and 610: 609 [Ru(OAr) 2(CO)(py-CMeO-4)] cis-
Page 611 and 612: Table 6.35 Simple aryloxides of osm
Page 613 and 614: Metal Aryloxides 613 states, e.g. [
Page 615 and 616: Bu t O Bu t (6-I) Bu t Bu t O Metal
Page 617 and 618: 6.2.10 Group 9 Metal Aryloxides Met
Page 619 and 620: Table 6.38 Simple aryloxides of iri
Page 621 and 622: Metal Aryloxides 621 Table 6.39 (Co
Page 623 and 624: 623 [Pd(OAr)⊲C6H3fCH2NMe2g2-2,6)]
Page 625: Metal Aryloxides 625 Table 6.41 Sim
Page 629 and 630: 629 [(RNC) 2Cu⊲ 2-OAr⊳2Cu(CNR)
Page 631 and 632: Metal Aryloxides 631 The two-coordi
Page 633 and 634: Table 6.45 (Continued) Metal Arylox
Page 635 and 636: Table 6.47 Simple aryloxides of mer
Page 637 and 638: 637 Table 6.48 Aluminium aryloxides
Page 639 and 640: 639 [⊲ArO⊳2Al⊲ -OAr⊳2Mg(THF
Page 641 and 642: 641 [Al(OAr) 2⊲i-Bu⊳] trigonal
Page 643 and 644: 643 [Al(OAr)Cl(Me)⊲NH2But⊳] OC6
Page 645 and 646: 645 Table 6.49 Gallium aryloxides B
Page 647 and 648: 647 Table 6.50 Indium aryloxides Bo
Page 649 and 650: Metal Aryloxides 649 Table 6.53 Tin
Page 651 and 652: 651 Table 6.56 Bismuth aryloxides B
Page 653 and 654: REFERENCES Metal Aryloxides 653 1.
Page 655 and 656: Metal Aryloxides 655 56. Y. Nakayam
Page 657 and 658: Metal Aryloxides 657 123. T.W. Coff
Page 659 and 660: Metal Aryloxides 659 202. A. Bell,
Page 661 and 662: Metal Aryloxides 661 268. K. Ishiha
Page 663 and 664: Metal Aryloxides 663 341. B.S. Kali
Page 665 and 666: Metal Aryloxides 665 405. P.N. Rile
Page 667 and 668: Metal Aryloxides 667 483. Y. Hayash
Page 669 and 670: Metal Aryloxides 669 561. A.P. Shre
Page 671 and 672: 672 Alkoxo and Aryloxo Derivatives
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688 Index alkoxometallate(IV) ligan
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690 Index cerium oxo-isopropoxide 3
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692 Index gas-phase photoelectron s
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694 Index lead tert-butoxide 386 Le
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696 Index metal-hydrogen bonds clea
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698 Index oxo-alkoxides 384, 385, 3
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700 Index sodium hydroxide 142 sodi
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702 Index titanium dichloride dieth
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704 Index X X-ray Absorption Near E
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2 Homometallic Alkoxides

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