Inorganic Microporous Membranes for Gas Separation in Fossil Fuel ...

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4 Results and discussion In pure TiO2, the anatase phase transforms partly to the rutile phase if the calcination temperature is increased from 500 to 600ºC (Figure 59-B). Apparently, this phase transformation is already suppressed by the presence of 10 mol % ZrO2. These results confirm the incorporation of ZrO2 into the TiO2 framework found in literature, 83,112 up to 25 mol % ZrO2 might be dissolvable into anatase TiO2. The hydraulic radius decrease 112 and the broadening of the anatase (110) diffraction peak from 0 to 10 mol% ZrO2 doped TiO2 clearly indicate retardation of TiO2 densification. The TG and DTA results of the binary oxides are complex due to gradual organic loss in a broad temperature range with many exothermic peaks, results not shown. A large weight loss 50% is observed for these binary oxides in the temperature range of 100- 500ºC and might have masked the endothermic peak of phase transformation. A more detailed DTA curve can be prepared by applying a long dwell time at temperatures below the crystallisation temperature. 91
4 Results and discussion Intensity (a.u.) Intensity (a.u.) Intensity (a.u.) 20 30 40 50 60 70 100 mol% Ti 90 mol% Ti Orthorhombic TiZrO 4 2 Theta [º] 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 2Theta [º] 92 600ºC 550ºC 500ºC 400ºC 600ºC Anatase TiO 2 Rutile TiO 2 0 mol% Ti 25 mol% Ti 20 30 40 50 60 70 2Theta [º] 600ºC Monoclinic ZrO 2 Tetragonal ZrO 2 Figure 59 XRD patterns of A) 50 mol % TiO2 in ZrO2 dried sols calcined at 400, 500, 550 and 600ºC for 2 hours with reference of orthorhombic TiZrO4. B) XRD patterns of 90 and 100 mol % TiO2 in ZrO2 calcined at 600ºC with references of anatase and rutile TiO2 and C) 0 and 25 mol % TiO2 in ZrO2 calcined at 600ºC with references of tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO2 A B C
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Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
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Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Inst
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List of Abbreviations Ac Acetyl Ace
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Summary CO2 capture and storage mig
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Zusammenfassung Die Abtrennung und
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Content Content CONTENT............
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1 Introduction and aims 1 Introduct
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1 Introduction and aims Candidate m
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2 Theoretical background 2 Theoreti
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2 Theoretical background Despite th
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2 Theoretical background Table 2 Ox
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2 Theoretical background 2.1.2 Micr
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2 Theoretical background Poly-cryst
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2 Theoretical background membranes
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2 Theoretical background Dry or wet
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2 Theoretical background the materi
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2 Theoretical background Figure 9 D
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2 Theoretical background Figure 11
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2 Theoretical background due to its
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2 Theoretical background 2.3.3.2 Mi
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2 Theoretical background 2.4 Microp
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2 Theoretical background Figure 15
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2 Theoretical background wall inter
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3 Experimental 3 Experimental The m
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3 Experimental vacuum sample holder
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Page 54 and 55: 3 Experimental Another solution was
Page 56 and 57: 3 Experimental 3.4 Characterisation
Page 58 and 59: 3 Experimental Element analysis The
Page 60 and 61: 3 Experimental Additionally, the hy
Page 62 and 63: 4 Results and discussion Abundance
Page 64 and 65: 4 Results and discussion 4.2 Zeolit
Page 66 and 67: 4 Results and discussion Table 14 D
Page 68 and 69: 4 Results and discussion hours usin
Page 70 and 71: 4 Results and discussion Intensity
Page 72 and 73: 4 Results and discussion The carbon
Page 74 and 75: 4 Results and discussion DOH crysta
Page 76 and 77: 4 Results and discussion 900 [ºC]
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Page 82 and 83: 4 Results and discussion 4.3.1.1 Ke
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Page 86 and 87: 4 Results and discussion difference
Page 88 and 89: 4 Results and discussion V [cm ads
Page 90 and 91: 4 Results and discussion The averag
Page 92 and 93: 4 Results and discussion DTA µV/mg
Page 94 and 95: 4 Results and discussion Vads / cm
Page 96 and 97: 4 Results and discussion The increa
Page 98 and 99: 4 Results and discussion 20 30 40 5
Page 100 and 101: 4 Results and discussion V micro /V
Page 104 and 105: 4 Results and discussion In summary
Page 106 and 107: 4 Results and discussion Intensity
Page 108 and 109: 4 Results and discussion nanonic YS
Page 110 and 111: 4 Results and discussion ~50nm TiO2
Page 112 and 113: 4 Results and discussion Raman Inte
Page 114 and 115: 4 Results and discussion Tungsten 5
Page 116 and 117: 4 Results and discussion Mol% Carbo
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Page 124 and 125: 5 Conclusions and recommendations m
Page 126 and 127: 6 References 22. Shao, Z., Dong, H.
Page 128 and 129: 6 References 65. Van den Berg, A. W
Page 130 and 131: 6 References 108. Wen, T. L., Heber
Page 132 and 133: Curriculum Vitae - George van der D
Page 134: Last but not least, I would like to
Page 137: Band | Volume 8 ISBN 978-3-89336-52
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