Inorganic Microporous Membranes for Gas Separation in Fossil Fuel ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

4 Results and discussion Table 14 DOH synthesis conditions presenting the molar ratio of the gel composition and the crystallisation time in days. SiO2:ADA:EN:H2O Crystallisation conditions Obtained phase Days Temp. ºC 100:47:420:5500 11 200 SGT 100:47:420:5500 11 ~190 DOH/DDR 100:23:267:7405 24 200 DOH+Gel 100:11:267:7405 27 200 DOH Table 15 Gel composition with molar ratio 100SiO2:xADA:267EN:yH2O syntheses crystallised at 200ºC static or dynamic agitation with resulting products. Gel Crystallisation Product composition conditions x y days Agitation 5.5 7405 10 Rotation DOH 5.5 7405 20 Rotation DOH 11 7405 24 Static DOH 23 7405 24 Static DOH+gel 11 3000 24 Static DOH 11 1000 21 Static DOH+gel The time for complete DOH crystallisation can be reduced from 21 to 7 days by rotating the autoclave. The crystallisation time was further reduced to only 4 days by stirring the gel in situ (Table 16). Increasing the gel homogeneity clearly decreases the crystallisation time. The DOH crystallisation under stirring was further studied for the gels, containing ammonia instead of ethylenediamine. The DOH crystallinity, using the NH3 route, does not increase after 5 days of stirring (Figure 27) at 200ºC. The smallest DOH crystals, in the range of 5-13 µm in diameter, were obtained using the NH3 route in combination with autoclave rotation for 18 days (Figure 28). Table 16 Autoclave agitation crystallisation conditions using 100SiO2:11ADA:267EN:7405H2O gel composition at 200ºC as function of crystallisation time Autoclave agitation days Product Static 21 DOH 14 DOH 7 DOH + Gel Rotation 7 DOH Stir 4 DOH 55
4 Results and discussion Figure 27 Crystallinity of DOH, using the NH3 route, as function of the crystallisation time with a crystallisation temperature of 200˚C. Figure 28 Optical micrograph of synthesised DOH crystals Aging the gel composition prior to the hydrothermal crystallisation of DOH The average crystal size, obtained after 4 days of crystallisation at 200˚C, is a function of the aging temperature of the gel. The smallest DOH crystals, 5-10 µm in size, are obtained after 4 days of crystallisation of the aged gels. This gel was aged at 80˚C for 24 56 Crystallinity % 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 2Θ [º] DOH crystals 100 75 50 25 0 12days NH 3 route 2 4 6 Days 8 10 12 2days 3days 4days 5days
Page 1 and 2:
Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
Page 4 and 5:
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Inst
Page 6 and 7:
List of Abbreviations Ac Acetyl Ace
Page 8 and 9:
Summary CO2 capture and storage mig
Page 10 and 11:
Zusammenfassung Die Abtrennung und
Page 12 and 13:
Content Content CONTENT............
Page 14 and 15:
1 Introduction and aims 1 Introduct
Page 16 and 17: 1 Introduction and aims Candidate m
Page 18 and 19: 2 Theoretical background 2 Theoreti
Page 20 and 21: 2 Theoretical background Despite th
Page 22 and 23: 2 Theoretical background Table 2 Ox
Page 24 and 25: 2 Theoretical background 2.1.2 Micr
Page 26 and 27: 2 Theoretical background Poly-cryst
Page 28 and 29: 2 Theoretical background membranes
Page 30 and 31: 2 Theoretical background Dry or wet
Page 32 and 33: 2 Theoretical background the materi
Page 34 and 35: 2 Theoretical background Figure 9 D
Page 36 and 37: 2 Theoretical background Figure 11
Page 38 and 39: 2 Theoretical background due to its
Page 40 and 41: 2 Theoretical background 2.3.3.2 Mi
Page 42 and 43: 2 Theoretical background 2.4 Microp
Page 44 and 45: 2 Theoretical background Figure 15
Page 46 and 47: 2 Theoretical background wall inter
Page 48 and 49: 3 Experimental 3 Experimental The m
Page 50 and 51: 3 Experimental vacuum sample holder
Page 52 and 53: 3 Experimental o of as-made DOH cry
Page 54 and 55: 3 Experimental Another solution was
Page 56 and 57: 3 Experimental 3.4 Characterisation
Page 58 and 59: 3 Experimental Element analysis The
Page 60 and 61: 3 Experimental Additionally, the hy
Page 62 and 63: 4 Results and discussion Abundance
Page 64 and 65: 4 Results and discussion 4.2 Zeolit
Page 68 and 69: 4 Results and discussion hours usin
Page 70 and 71: 4 Results and discussion Intensity
Page 72 and 73: 4 Results and discussion The carbon
Page 74 and 75: 4 Results and discussion DOH crysta
Page 76 and 77: 4 Results and discussion 900 [ºC]
Page 78 and 79: 4 Results and discussion characteri
Page 80 and 81: 4 Results and discussion without a
Page 82 and 83: 4 Results and discussion 4.3.1.1 Ke
Page 84 and 85: 4 Results and discussion Solid Cont
Page 86 and 87: 4 Results and discussion difference
Page 88 and 89: 4 Results and discussion V [cm ads
Page 90 and 91: 4 Results and discussion The averag
Page 92 and 93: 4 Results and discussion DTA µV/mg
Page 94 and 95: 4 Results and discussion Vads / cm
Page 96 and 97: 4 Results and discussion The increa
Page 98 and 99: 4 Results and discussion 20 30 40 5
Page 100 and 101: 4 Results and discussion V micro /V
Page 102 and 103: 4 Results and discussion In pure Ti
Page 104 and 105: 4 Results and discussion In summary
Page 106 and 107: 4 Results and discussion Intensity
Page 108 and 109: 4 Results and discussion nanonic YS
Page 110 and 111: 4 Results and discussion ~50nm TiO2
Page 112 and 113: 4 Results and discussion Raman Inte
Page 114 and 115: 4 Results and discussion Tungsten 5
Page 116 and 117:
4 Results and discussion Mol% Carbo
Page 118 and 119:
4 Results and discussion Permeance
Page 120 and 121:
4 Results and discussion He Permean
Page 122 and 123:
5 Conclusions and recommendations m
Page 124 and 125:
5 Conclusions and recommendations m
Page 126 and 127:
6 References 22. Shao, Z., Dong, H.
Page 128 and 129:
6 References 65. Van den Berg, A. W
Page 130 and 131:
6 References 108. Wen, T. L., Heber
Page 132 and 133:
Curriculum Vitae - George van der D
Page 134:
Last but not least, I would like to
Page 137:
Band | Volume 8 ISBN 978-3-89336-52
show all

Inorganic Microporous Membranes for Gas Separation in Fossil Fuel ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?