Inorganic Microporous Membranes for Gas Separation in Fossil Fuel ...

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4 Results and discussion Tungsten 500ºC A 600ºC B Ti0.5Zr0.5O2 γ-Al2O3 Figure 70 TEM images of a Ti0.5Zr0.5O2 membrane calcined at 500 (A) and 600ºC (B) supported by γ-Al2O3. Table 29 Raman bands on Ti0.5Zr0.5O2 membranes assigned to the microstructural phases. 138 (vs: very strong, s: strong, w: weak) Laser excitation Ti0.5Zr0.5O2 membranes 488 nm, 250 mW 514.5 nm, 40.1 mW 500ºC 600ºC Wavelenth in cm -1 753s 752s α-Al2O3 647s 647s α-Al2O3 579w 579w α-Al2O3 450w 450w Monoclinic ZrO2 or Rutile TiO2 433w 432w α-Al2O3 419vs 419vs α-Al2O3 380s 381s α-Al2O3 103 Tungsten γ-Al2O3 Ti0.5Zr0.5O2
4 Results and discussion Raman Intensity 752 647 579 800 600 400 Wavenumber/cm -1 104 419 432 450 380 600ºC 500ºC Figure 71 Raman spectra of the Ti0.5Zr0.5O2 membranes calcined at 500ºC (green) and at 600ºC (blue) using the excitation of 514.5 nm, 20.6 mW. 4.3.3.3 Amine approach - Organic content in membrane layers The effective pore size in the layers can be determined by an amorphous film around the nanocrystals or in combination with the presence of organic residues originating from the amines. The latter hypothesis was put forward by Duke et al. 94 for carbon remainings and by Xomeritakis et al. 140 for amine groups in microporous silica membranes. The carbon content at the outer surface of the membrane layers as determined by XPS decreases with calcination temperature and is slightly higher than the carbon content of the bulk material as determined by ICP (Figure 72). However, sputtering the surface with argon for 2 minutes reduces the carbon content to comparable values. This suggests that the observed high carbon concentrations originate significantly from atmospheric contamination. Striking is the agreement between the carbon content trend in the powders and the layer with increasing ZrO2 in the sample. Both bulk material and membrane layer show an increase in carbon content with an increasing ZrO2 content. This can be explained by the slightly higher reactivity of the titanium precursor compared to that of the zirconium precursor resulting in stronger organic-inorganic bonds.
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Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
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Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Inst
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List of Abbreviations Ac Acetyl Ace
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Summary CO2 capture and storage mig
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Zusammenfassung Die Abtrennung und
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Content Content CONTENT............
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1 Introduction and aims 1 Introduct
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1 Introduction and aims Candidate m
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2 Theoretical background 2 Theoreti
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2 Theoretical background Despite th
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2 Theoretical background Table 2 Ox
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2 Theoretical background 2.1.2 Micr
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2 Theoretical background Poly-cryst
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2 Theoretical background membranes
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2 Theoretical background Dry or wet
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2 Theoretical background the materi
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2 Theoretical background Figure 9 D
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2 Theoretical background Figure 11
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2 Theoretical background due to its
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2 Theoretical background 2.3.3.2 Mi
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2 Theoretical background 2.4 Microp
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2 Theoretical background Figure 15
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2 Theoretical background wall inter
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3 Experimental 3 Experimental The m
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3 Experimental vacuum sample holder
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3 Experimental o of as-made DOH cry
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3 Experimental Another solution was
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3 Experimental 3.4 Characterisation
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3 Experimental Element analysis The
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3 Experimental Additionally, the hy
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4 Results and discussion Abundance
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Page 70 and 71: 4 Results and discussion Intensity
Page 72 and 73: 4 Results and discussion The carbon
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Page 76 and 77: 4 Results and discussion 900 [ºC]
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Page 94 and 95: 4 Results and discussion Vads / cm
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Page 100 and 101: 4 Results and discussion V micro /V
Page 102 and 103: 4 Results and discussion In pure Ti
Page 104 and 105: 4 Results and discussion In summary
Page 106 and 107: 4 Results and discussion Intensity
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Page 110 and 111: 4 Results and discussion ~50nm TiO2
Page 112 and 113: 4 Results and discussion Raman Inte
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Page 126 and 127: 6 References 22. Shao, Z., Dong, H.
Page 128 and 129: 6 References 65. Van den Berg, A. W
Page 130 and 131: 6 References 108. Wen, T. L., Heber
Page 132 and 133: Curriculum Vitae - George van der D
Page 134: Last but not least, I would like to
Page 137: Band | Volume 8 ISBN 978-3-89336-52
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Inorganic Microporous Membranes for Gas Separation in Fossil Fuel ...

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