Inorganic Microporous Membranes for Gas Separation in Fossil Fuel ...

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3 Experimental 3.4 Characterisation for microporous materials and membranes 3.4.1 Microporous material characterisation Particle size analysis of the sols was performed by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) equipment (Horiba Nanoparticle Size Analyzer LB-550) and small angle X-ray scattering. Prior to analysis, the sols were filtered with a Schleicher & Schuell 800 nm membrane sieve. Small angle X-ray scattering SAXS studies 126 were performed using a NANOSTAR camera (Bruker AXS), fitted with a rotating anode source, run at 40 kV and 40 mA and filtered to yield only CuKα with wavelength λ=1.540 Å. The collimation path consisted of 3 pinholes and the primary beam stop at about 1.05 m from the sample position was chosen at 2 mm in diameter to allow the smallest scattering vector q~0.006 Å -1 to be obtained. Scattering patterns in 2-dimensionals were collected on a Hi-Star Xenon-filled 1000·1000 wired grid area detector. Typical acquisition times for the dilute solutions, which were kept for 10 hours, for statistical reasons, in sealed quartz capillaries of 1.5 mm diameter in the evacuated sample chamber. Transmissions of the solutions were in the order of 40-50% from absorbance measurements using a glassy carbon standard which was inserted in the optical path between the sample and the detector. The spot size of the beam on the sample was 500 µm. All data was corrected for background scattering of the quartz after a radially averaging process of the raw data to yield a usable scattering vector range 0.008
3 Experimental X-ray diffraction Powder X-ray diffraction measurements were conducted using a Siemens D500 diffractometer with a CuKα radiation. The crystallinity of the sample is calculated based on the ratio of the crystal area and the amorphous area as displayed by the XRD pattern which was previously corrected by the background contribution. The total integrated area (intensity*2Θ) of the XRD patterns is assumed to be an accumulation of background, amorphous and crystalline intensity in a selected XRD angle range, in this case selected from 10
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Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
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Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Inst
Page 6 and 7: List of Abbreviations Ac Acetyl Ace
Page 8 and 9: Summary CO2 capture and storage mig
Page 10 and 11: Zusammenfassung Die Abtrennung und
Page 12 and 13: Content Content CONTENT............
Page 14 and 15: 1 Introduction and aims 1 Introduct
Page 16 and 17: 1 Introduction and aims Candidate m
Page 18 and 19: 2 Theoretical background 2 Theoreti
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Page 22 and 23: 2 Theoretical background Table 2 Ox
Page 24 and 25: 2 Theoretical background 2.1.2 Micr
Page 26 and 27: 2 Theoretical background Poly-cryst
Page 28 and 29: 2 Theoretical background membranes
Page 30 and 31: 2 Theoretical background Dry or wet
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Page 38 and 39: 2 Theoretical background due to its
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Page 42 and 43: 2 Theoretical background 2.4 Microp
Page 44 and 45: 2 Theoretical background Figure 15
Page 46 and 47: 2 Theoretical background wall inter
Page 48 and 49: 3 Experimental 3 Experimental The m
Page 50 and 51: 3 Experimental vacuum sample holder
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Page 62 and 63: 4 Results and discussion Abundance
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Page 68 and 69: 4 Results and discussion hours usin
Page 70 and 71: 4 Results and discussion Intensity
Page 72 and 73: 4 Results and discussion The carbon
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Page 94 and 95: 4 Results and discussion Vads / cm
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Page 100 and 101: 4 Results and discussion V micro /V
Page 102 and 103: 4 Results and discussion In pure Ti
Page 104 and 105: 4 Results and discussion In summary
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4 Results and discussion Intensity
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4 Results and discussion nanonic YS
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4 Results and discussion ~50nm TiO2
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4 Results and discussion Raman Inte
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4 Results and discussion Tungsten 5
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4 Results and discussion Mol% Carbo
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4 Results and discussion Permeance
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4 Results and discussion He Permean
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5 Conclusions and recommendations m
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5 Conclusions and recommendations m
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6 References 22. Shao, Z., Dong, H.
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6 References 65. Van den Berg, A. W
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6 References 108. Wen, T. L., Heber
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Curriculum Vitae - George van der D
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Last but not least, I would like to
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Band | Volume 8 ISBN 978-3-89336-52
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