Inorganic Microporous Membranes for Gas Separation in Fossil Fuel ...

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2 Theoretical background 2.1.2 Microporous inorganic membranes Porous inorganic materials are classified by pore size as stated by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 36 listed in Table 4. Microporous membranes can function as molecular sieves due to size exclusion in order to separate the power plant gasses such as H2/CO2 or N2/CO2 based on the kinetic diameter (see Table 5). Table 4 IUPAC 36 pore size classification Structure sublevel Pore size Macroporous >50 nm Mesoporous 2-50 nm Microporous Supermicroporous 0.7-2 nm Ultramicroporous
2 Theoretical background 2.2 Zeolite membranes The Swedish mineralogist Cronstedt found a new type of mineral in 1756 and named it zeolite. Zeo-lite is derived from a Greek word and means boiling stone. It seemed that the new mineral desorbs water at high temperatures. Since then, many natural and industrial zeolites have been found and synthesised. Microporous zeolites are crystalline (alumino)silicates * and can be used for adsorption, catalysis and ion-exchange. In general, zeolites have higher chemical and thermal stability than microporous amorphous silica. The zeolite structure is formed from a three dimensional network of SiO4 and AlO4 tetrahedra. These tetrahedra are connected to each other through shared oxygen atoms and form channel or cage-like structures. These voids have well-defined rings (pore opening) sizes and shapes. A selection of zeolite structures is listed in Table 6. 38 More than 130 zeolite framework types are approved and published on the internet site of the International Zeolite Association. 39 The zeolites can be subdivided based on their largest pore aperture. The pore aperture is a window with a certain amount of neighbouring tetrahedral centres that share an oxygen atom. A zeolite with 12 tetrahedra centres is referred as 12-ring. The path of the lowest resistance for transported species is determined by the pore aperture and interconnectivity of pores forming channels of different dimensionality. Table 6 Structural characteristics and properties of different zeolite types and zeolite related materials. Code Zeolite type [Si]/[Al] Ring Channel system Pore size Å (x-y) SGT Sigma 2 70-∞ 6 0D ~2.8 DOH Dodecasil 1H ∞ 6 0D ~2.8 SOD Sodalite 1-∞ 6 0D 2.2-2.8 DDR Deca-dodecasil 3R ∞ 8 2D 3.6-4.4 ETS-4 - 3-4 LTA Zeolite A 1-∞ 8 3D 3.8-4.3 FER Ferrierite - 10 2D 5.2·5.4 MFI Silicalite-1 ∞ 10 3D 5.2·5.7 ZSM-5 10-1000 10 3D FAU Zeolite X 1-1.5 12 3D 7.4 Zeolite Y >1.5 12 3D 7.4 MOR Mordenite - 8/12 2D 4.0-7.0 Breck 40 outlined the properties of several zeolite structures including the individual pore size, shape and interconnectivity. The pore sizes vary between 2-12 Å and the chemical composition (e.g. the Si/Al ratio) can determine the hydrophilic, hydrophobic, acidic, and basic properties of the zeolite. 38 * The largest number of zeolites is represented by aluminosilicates. Aluminogermanates, gallophosphates or silicoaluminophosphates belong to this group as well and are documented at www.iza-structure.org. 14
Page 1 and 2: Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
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Page 6 and 7: List of Abbreviations Ac Acetyl Ace
Page 8 and 9: Summary CO2 capture and storage mig
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Page 14 and 15: 1 Introduction and aims 1 Introduct
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4 Results and discussion DOH crysta
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4 Results and discussion 900 [ºC]
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4 Results and discussion without a
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4 Results and discussion 4.3.1.1 Ke
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4 Results and discussion Solid Cont
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4 Results and discussion difference
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4 Results and discussion DTA µV/mg
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4 Results and discussion The increa
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4 Results and discussion 20 30 40 5
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4 Results and discussion V micro /V
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4 Results and discussion In pure Ti
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4 Results and discussion In summary
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4 Results and discussion Intensity
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4 Results and discussion nanonic YS
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4 Results and discussion ~50nm TiO2
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4 Results and discussion Raman Inte
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4 Results and discussion Tungsten 5
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4 Results and discussion Mol% Carbo
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4 Results and discussion Permeance
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4 Results and discussion He Permean
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5 Conclusions and recommendations m
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5 Conclusions and recommendations m
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6 References 22. Shao, Z., Dong, H.
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6 References 65. Van den Berg, A. W
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6 References 108. Wen, T. L., Heber
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Curriculum Vitae - George van der D
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Last but not least, I would like to
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Band | Volume 8 ISBN 978-3-89336-52
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