Inorganic Microporous Membranes for Gas Separation in Fossil Fuel ...

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4 Results and discussion without a substrate, D1H layers are obtained after only 24 hours. This offers prospects for making thin homogeneous DOH layers in relatively short time. Nevertheless, the DOH crystals are too large thereby forming thick layers. The recommendation is to optimise the DOH crystal growth before further studies on DOH layers and membranes. 69
4 Results and discussion 4.3 Sol-Gel derived membranes TiO2, ZrO2 and the binary oxides TiO2-ZrO2 and Y2O3-ZrO2 (hereafter referred as YSZ) can be prepared by means of the sol-gel technique. Generally, the hydrolysis of highly reactive Ti and Zr-precursors is controlled with precursor modifiers such as ketones and amines as described in the chapter ‘Theory’. Y2O3 or TiO2 doped ZrO2 sol-gel derived materials and membranes were studied and prepared. A thorough study has been performed on polymeric YSZ sols using ketone acetyl acetone as precursor modifier to prevent a full hydrolysis of the alkoxides in the presence of pore formers. This approach has been concentrated on the sol and bulk material properties. The first results obtained for YSZ layers using this approach (hereafter referred as ketone approach) are discussed. The second approach is based on the promising diethanolamine precursor modifier outlined by Van Gestel et al., 82,104,135 Spijksma et al. 80,81 and Aust et al 83 (hereafter referred as amine approach). This work is concentrated on the study of (TiO2-doped) ZrO2 powder and membranes using diethanolamine as the precursor modifier. Diethanolamine in the sol synthesis combines the prevention of fast hydrolysis of the alkoxides and the higher viscosity (than acetyl acetone), which is beneficial to the coating procedures. Diisopropanolamine can be an alternative to diethanolamine precursor modifier. Acetyl acetone Diethanolamine The selection of the membrane layer material is mainly based on the microstructure property results of these bulk materials. Several (TiO2 doped) ZrO2 membranes have been prepared and characterised. Finally, the permeability, permselectivity and permeability as function of hydrothermal stability will be discussed. 4.3.1 Polymeric sol characterisation The 8 mol % Y2O3 doped ZrO2 (8YSZ) sol particle size, viscosity and stability have been studied for the ketone approach. The sol composition of 25, 50, 66, 75, 90, 100% molar ratio TiO2 in ZrO2 have been prepared by the amine approach. 70
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Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
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Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Inst
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List of Abbreviations Ac Acetyl Ace
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Summary CO2 capture and storage mig
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Zusammenfassung Die Abtrennung und
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Content Content CONTENT............
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1 Introduction and aims 1 Introduct
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1 Introduction and aims Candidate m
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2 Theoretical background 2 Theoreti
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2 Theoretical background Despite th
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2 Theoretical background Table 2 Ox
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2 Theoretical background 2.1.2 Micr
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2 Theoretical background Poly-cryst
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2 Theoretical background membranes
Page 30 and 31: 2 Theoretical background Dry or wet
Page 32 and 33: 2 Theoretical background the materi
Page 34 and 35: 2 Theoretical background Figure 9 D
Page 36 and 37: 2 Theoretical background Figure 11
Page 38 and 39: 2 Theoretical background due to its
Page 40 and 41: 2 Theoretical background 2.3.3.2 Mi
Page 42 and 43: 2 Theoretical background 2.4 Microp
Page 44 and 45: 2 Theoretical background Figure 15
Page 46 and 47: 2 Theoretical background wall inter
Page 48 and 49: 3 Experimental 3 Experimental The m
Page 50 and 51: 3 Experimental vacuum sample holder
Page 52 and 53: 3 Experimental o of as-made DOH cry
Page 54 and 55: 3 Experimental Another solution was
Page 56 and 57: 3 Experimental 3.4 Characterisation
Page 58 and 59: 3 Experimental Element analysis The
Page 60 and 61: 3 Experimental Additionally, the hy
Page 62 and 63: 4 Results and discussion Abundance
Page 64 and 65: 4 Results and discussion 4.2 Zeolit
Page 66 and 67: 4 Results and discussion Table 14 D
Page 68 and 69: 4 Results and discussion hours usin
Page 70 and 71: 4 Results and discussion Intensity
Page 72 and 73: 4 Results and discussion The carbon
Page 74 and 75: 4 Results and discussion DOH crysta
Page 76 and 77: 4 Results and discussion 900 [ºC]
Page 78 and 79: 4 Results and discussion characteri
Page 82 and 83: 4 Results and discussion 4.3.1.1 Ke
Page 84 and 85: 4 Results and discussion Solid Cont
Page 86 and 87: 4 Results and discussion difference
Page 88 and 89: 4 Results and discussion V [cm ads
Page 90 and 91: 4 Results and discussion The averag
Page 92 and 93: 4 Results and discussion DTA µV/mg
Page 94 and 95: 4 Results and discussion Vads / cm
Page 96 and 97: 4 Results and discussion The increa
Page 98 and 99: 4 Results and discussion 20 30 40 5
Page 100 and 101: 4 Results and discussion V micro /V
Page 102 and 103: 4 Results and discussion In pure Ti
Page 104 and 105: 4 Results and discussion In summary
Page 106 and 107: 4 Results and discussion Intensity
Page 108 and 109: 4 Results and discussion nanonic YS
Page 110 and 111: 4 Results and discussion ~50nm TiO2
Page 112 and 113: 4 Results and discussion Raman Inte
Page 114 and 115: 4 Results and discussion Tungsten 5
Page 116 and 117: 4 Results and discussion Mol% Carbo
Page 118 and 119: 4 Results and discussion Permeance
Page 120 and 121: 4 Results and discussion He Permean
Page 122 and 123: 5 Conclusions and recommendations m
Page 124 and 125: 5 Conclusions and recommendations m
Page 126 and 127: 6 References 22. Shao, Z., Dong, H.
Page 128 and 129: 6 References 65. Van den Berg, A. W
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6 References 108. Wen, T. L., Heber
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Curriculum Vitae - George van der D
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Last but not least, I would like to
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Band | Volume 8 ISBN 978-3-89336-52
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