Inorganic Microporous Membranes for Gas Separation in Fossil Fuel ...

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3 Experimental Additionally, the hydrothermal stability of one of the membranes was evaluated by measuring of the He and N2 permeation upon exposure to water vapour at 200°C. In a setup as schematically outlined in Figure 21, the partial vapour pressure of the water in this setup was controlled with a thermostated reservoir through which He was fed to the membrane module. At the permeate side water can be collected in a cold-trap (CT) before the He flow is measured with a thermal mass flow controller (MFC). The hydrothermal treatment consisted of 3 consecutive 24 hour periods during which the vapour pressure was kept at 1, 2 and 3 bar, respectively. Upon termination of this treatment the membrane was degassed under a sweep of ‘dry’ He, while periodically measuring He and N2 permeation in time. Pressure PR reducer P Membrane Membrane in in sample sample holder holder Boiler Boiler 49 Valve V ∆∆∆∆P Mass MFC Flow Controller CT Cold trap Figure 21 Schematic outline of the setup used for the evaluation of hydrothermal stability.
4 Results and discussion 4 Results and discussion The first section deals with the support and supporting ceramic membrane layers. The second section includes the properties and potentials of deca-dodecasil 3R and dodecasil 1H zeolite materials and of the first dodecasil 1H layers. The final section describes the properties of sol-gel derived TiO2-(Y2O3)ZrO2 membranes including the sol, the microstructure and the membrane layer characterisation and discussions. 4.1 Supports and intermediate layers Supports were made of α-Al2O3 material (AKP30) and were prepared by colloidal filtration as reported by Nijmeijer et al. 87 The supports have a diameter of 36 mm and a thickness of 2-2.4 mm (Figure 22-A). AKP30 alumina bulk material has a surface area 7.1 m 2 /g measured by gas physisorption, which is comparable with the 6.9 m 2 /g reported by the supplier. The particle size is 340 nm (D50) and the purity >99.99%. The purity was analysed by means of X-ray fluorescence resulting in only 8 ppm Ni, 5 ppm Zn and 2 ppm Fe. The porosity of the colloidal filtrated and (1100ºC) fired substrate is 31% with an average pore size of ~80 nm and is comparable with similar prepared substrate. 87,99 α-Al2O3 SEM surface image is presented in Figure 22-B. 36 mm A B Figure 22 A) 36 mm in diameter produced α-Al2O3 support and B) the surface SEM image. The intermediate layers are prepared with γ-Al2O3 to form layers of good quality to support the final membrane layers. However, the final membrane layers might be supported in the future by mesoporous titania or zirconia materials to produce chemically more stable membranes with matching thermal expansion coefficients with titania or zirconia functional membrane layers. The intermediate layers are prepared from Boehmite sols having particle sizes (d50) typically ~30 nm (Figure 23) and are comparable with results reported in literature. 87,99 50 α-Al2O3
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Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
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Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Inst
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List of Abbreviations Ac Acetyl Ace
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Summary CO2 capture and storage mig
Page 10 and 11: Zusammenfassung Die Abtrennung und
Page 12 and 13: Content Content CONTENT............
Page 14 and 15: 1 Introduction and aims 1 Introduct
Page 16 and 17: 1 Introduction and aims Candidate m
Page 18 and 19: 2 Theoretical background 2 Theoreti
Page 20 and 21: 2 Theoretical background Despite th
Page 22 and 23: 2 Theoretical background Table 2 Ox
Page 24 and 25: 2 Theoretical background 2.1.2 Micr
Page 26 and 27: 2 Theoretical background Poly-cryst
Page 28 and 29: 2 Theoretical background membranes
Page 30 and 31: 2 Theoretical background Dry or wet
Page 32 and 33: 2 Theoretical background the materi
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Page 36 and 37: 2 Theoretical background Figure 11
Page 38 and 39: 2 Theoretical background due to its
Page 40 and 41: 2 Theoretical background 2.3.3.2 Mi
Page 42 and 43: 2 Theoretical background 2.4 Microp
Page 44 and 45: 2 Theoretical background Figure 15
Page 46 and 47: 2 Theoretical background wall inter
Page 48 and 49: 3 Experimental 3 Experimental The m
Page 50 and 51: 3 Experimental vacuum sample holder
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Page 56 and 57: 3 Experimental 3.4 Characterisation
Page 58 and 59: 3 Experimental Element analysis The
Page 62 and 63: 4 Results and discussion Abundance
Page 64 and 65: 4 Results and discussion 4.2 Zeolit
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Page 68 and 69: 4 Results and discussion hours usin
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Page 72 and 73: 4 Results and discussion The carbon
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Page 100 and 101: 4 Results and discussion V micro /V
Page 102 and 103: 4 Results and discussion In pure Ti
Page 104 and 105: 4 Results and discussion In summary
Page 106 and 107: 4 Results and discussion Intensity
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4 Results and discussion ~50nm TiO2
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4 Results and discussion Raman Inte
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4 Results and discussion Tungsten 5
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4 Results and discussion Mol% Carbo
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4 Results and discussion Permeance
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4 Results and discussion He Permean
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5 Conclusions and recommendations m
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5 Conclusions and recommendations m
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6 References 22. Shao, Z., Dong, H.
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6 References 65. Van den Berg, A. W
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6 References 108. Wen, T. L., Heber
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Curriculum Vitae - George van der D
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Last but not least, I would like to
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Band | Volume 8 ISBN 978-3-89336-52
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