Inorganic Microporous Membranes for Gas Separation in Fossil Fuel ...

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4 Results and discussion characterised with XRD which showed highly crystalline DOH (XRD pattern not shown). Microscopic images clearly show hexagonal crystals on the surface (Photos not shown). A B Figure 38 DOH Zeolite layer by spin coating (A) followed by hydrothermal growth. B is deposited wet followed by hydrothermal growth and finally calcined. A similar suspension of DOH nuclei in H2O was deposited and subsequently dried at 200ºC for 2 hours for seed attachment. The DOH nuclei on the substrates were grown hydrothermally in a 100SiO2:5.9ADA:69EN:3506H2O (in molar ratio) gel composition at 200ºC for 24 hours. This gel composition was selected as described in 125 for preparation of thin DDR membrane layers. DDR layers are grown with this gel composition at 160- 170ºC, DOH layer crystallisation temperature is selected at 200ºC. Finally, the washed membranes were calcined forming a brown layer like Figure 38-B. Figure 39 presents the surface of membrane B. 10-20 µm hexagonal DOH crystals are clearly present. Figure 39 Optical microscope image of DOH membrane A’s surface Figure 40-A presents a cross section of DOH membrane B consisting of an α-Al2O3 support with the delaminated DOH layer on top. Some areas indicate attachment between 67 Hexagonal DOH crystals 50 µm
4 Results and discussion the α-Al2O3 support and the DOH layer (Figure 40-B). The delamination is likely a result of the stresses occurring during the heat-treatment of 700ºC. The thickness of the DOH layer is in the range of 50 to 80 µm. No DOH nuclei can be distinguished which could have grown into crystals of 10-20 µm in size (Figure 40-C). The thickness/width ratio is about 10, indicating thin plates. Figure 40-C presents a highly porous zeolitic area close to the α-Al2O3 surface and on the membrane surface. A more dense area is observed between these porous layers and is magnified (Figure 40-D). The intercrystalline channels transport liquids despite the dense areas in the zeolitic layer. A B DOH α-Al2O3 C D DOH Figure 40 Cross section SEM images of DOH layer on α-Al2O3 support. A) presents the full thickness of the membrane. The zeolitic layer is delaminated. B) higher magnification resulting. C) orientation of the zeolite crystals on the α-Al2O3 surface and D high density area of the zeolitic layer. The DOH crystals are present on the α-Al2O3 surface. The alumina layer did not contain any silicon and the zeolitic layer was free of any aluminium. This indicates that all-silica DOH can be prepared on alumina supports without interfering. Striking is the crystallisation time if compared to other synthesis attempts. While a crystallisation time with a minimum of 4 days is required to form highly crystalline DOH 68 DOH α-Al2O3 DOH
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Mitglied der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
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Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Inst
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List of Abbreviations Ac Acetyl Ace
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Summary CO2 capture and storage mig
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Zusammenfassung Die Abtrennung und
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Content Content CONTENT............
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1 Introduction and aims 1 Introduct
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1 Introduction and aims Candidate m
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2 Theoretical background 2 Theoreti
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2 Theoretical background Despite th
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2 Theoretical background Table 2 Ox
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2 Theoretical background 2.1.2 Micr
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2 Theoretical background Poly-cryst
Page 28 and 29: 2 Theoretical background membranes
Page 30 and 31: 2 Theoretical background Dry or wet
Page 32 and 33: 2 Theoretical background the materi
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Page 36 and 37: 2 Theoretical background Figure 11
Page 38 and 39: 2 Theoretical background due to its
Page 40 and 41: 2 Theoretical background 2.3.3.2 Mi
Page 42 and 43: 2 Theoretical background 2.4 Microp
Page 44 and 45: 2 Theoretical background Figure 15
Page 46 and 47: 2 Theoretical background wall inter
Page 48 and 49: 3 Experimental 3 Experimental The m
Page 50 and 51: 3 Experimental vacuum sample holder
Page 52 and 53: 3 Experimental o of as-made DOH cry
Page 54 and 55: 3 Experimental Another solution was
Page 56 and 57: 3 Experimental 3.4 Characterisation
Page 58 and 59: 3 Experimental Element analysis The
Page 60 and 61: 3 Experimental Additionally, the hy
Page 62 and 63: 4 Results and discussion Abundance
Page 64 and 65: 4 Results and discussion 4.2 Zeolit
Page 66 and 67: 4 Results and discussion Table 14 D
Page 68 and 69: 4 Results and discussion hours usin
Page 70 and 71: 4 Results and discussion Intensity
Page 72 and 73: 4 Results and discussion The carbon
Page 74 and 75: 4 Results and discussion DOH crysta
Page 76 and 77: 4 Results and discussion 900 [ºC]
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Page 82 and 83: 4 Results and discussion 4.3.1.1 Ke
Page 84 and 85: 4 Results and discussion Solid Cont
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Page 88 and 89: 4 Results and discussion V [cm ads
Page 90 and 91: 4 Results and discussion The averag
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Page 94 and 95: 4 Results and discussion Vads / cm
Page 96 and 97: 4 Results and discussion The increa
Page 98 and 99: 4 Results and discussion 20 30 40 5
Page 100 and 101: 4 Results and discussion V micro /V
Page 102 and 103: 4 Results and discussion In pure Ti
Page 104 and 105: 4 Results and discussion In summary
Page 106 and 107: 4 Results and discussion Intensity
Page 108 and 109: 4 Results and discussion nanonic YS
Page 110 and 111: 4 Results and discussion ~50nm TiO2
Page 112 and 113: 4 Results and discussion Raman Inte
Page 114 and 115: 4 Results and discussion Tungsten 5
Page 116 and 117: 4 Results and discussion Mol% Carbo
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Page 120 and 121: 4 Results and discussion He Permean
Page 122 and 123: 5 Conclusions and recommendations m
Page 124 and 125: 5 Conclusions and recommendations m
Page 126 and 127: 6 References 22. Shao, Z., Dong, H.
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6 References 65. Van den Berg, A. W
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6 References 108. Wen, T. L., Heber
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Curriculum Vitae - George van der D
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Last but not least, I would like to
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Band | Volume 8 ISBN 978-3-89336-52
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