Compendium of Potato Diseases - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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naturally. Potato, more resistant to mechanical inoculation than most other suscepts, is most effectively inoculated on the young tips of plants near the flowering stage with virus from potatoes rather than from other hosts, Spotted wilt in potato is seasonal. Spread generall% occurs in late spring and early summer. occasionally later, and sometimes erratically. Most field infection occurs as viruliferous vectors move into potato from outside sources. Field incidence may be patchy, especially during early growth or when incidence is low. H igh densities of the vector, even if present for only short periods, seem more necessary for widespread potato infection than for infection of other crops such as tobacco and tomatoes, In Australia, thrip populations increase when the rainfall is satisfactory without being excessive and when the temperture steadily rises as summer 'pproaches. In contrast, high temperature and lack of moisture are adverse to vector breeding. Elsewhere, potato spotted wilt is more prevalent in dry rather than in wet seasons, Other Hosts TSWV infects dicots and monocots of more than 30 families, annuals and perennials, and many crop, weed, and ornamental plants. Tomato and tobacco are much more severely damaged than is potato. Petunia hyhrida is a,local lesion host. (Lesions appear in two to four days on intact or detached leaves.) It is usually not systemical!y infected. Phaseolus vulgaris (Manteiga and related cultivars) exhibits chlorotic local lesions in three to six days (Fig. 93E). Nicotiana tahaeum (Samsun NN, Turkish NN, Blue Pryor), A'. clevelandii, A'. giinosa, and N. rustica show local lesions, systemic necrosis, and leaf deformation. They are used for local lesion assay and %irus purification. Tropaeolum najus, Cucumis sativus, and Vinca rosea are good diagnostic species. L tmajus and Gomphrena glohosa are used for maintaining cultures. Resistance Some field resistance is present in Kathadin and Snowflake, in some of their hybrids, and in Brownell, Brown's, and Epicure. This level of field resistance breaks down easily under severe exposures. Potato is more susceptible to infection during the growing phase than it is after flowering, when plants become increasingly resistant. Fig. 93. Tomato spotted wilt: A and D,lesions on potato leaves; Band C,symptoms within and on tubers; E,local lesions on bean leaves; F, purified virus. Bar represents 1jim. (A-E, Courtesy A. S. Costa; F,courtesy E. W.Kitajima) 88
Control 1)Avoid locations in wkhich severe outbreaks have occurred frequently, and because of virus reservoirs in ornamental and vegetable plantings, aN oid locations near residences. 2)Select higher elevations when possible. 3) Earlv cultivars and early plantings may escape infection, 4) Insecticides (foliage sprays or systemic granulated cortpounds) in the planting or on border catch crops have been used vith varying effectiveness in various crops. Selected References 1IE . R .1. 1968. loniato spotted %%iltsirus. Ads. Virus Res. 13:65-146 COSA, A. S.. andCO~A. .1. 1. KlflIl.. . I EIll. S. aid 1938. t938 1 I'mia trolestia mlesja dla a btatnha batatinlia "necrose do topo" causada pelo virus de vira-cabeqa. J. Agron., I'iracicaha 1:193-202. IF. . S. 1970. tomiato spotted \%ilt \irus. No. 39 in: l)escriptions of Plant Viruses. ('omnoni. M col. Inst.. Assoc. Appl. Biol., Key'. Sur-ci,\. iai l. KII A.lIM A. F. W. 1965. Electron microscopy ol vira-cabega (Brazilian Spottled %ill\irr,,) \0ithin the host cell. Virology 26:89-99. MA(i( pII C. .1. 1936, Spotted %oilt disease of lettuce and potatoes. Agric. (ia.\.S.\'. 47:99- 1011. NORRIS.1). 0. 195. Spoiled ill oh potato Ast. .t. Agric. Res. 22S. I'.. to.. I. I . ItIFRIAN and . P1tERS. 1977. Purification AS A arid n sciologicalanall\ ).Il sis R.17. ofto nato spotted 1rfc %ilt virus. ( Neth... 'lant t'ath. 83:61-72.
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Compendium of Potato Diseases W. J.
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In memory ofimy respected colleague
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Acknowledgments Planning Committee
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Introduction 1 Potato Disease 1 The
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A potato disease is an interaction
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Fig. 1.A, Lower portion of young po
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+q I B Fig 4. Natural openings in a
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Part I. Disease in the Absence of I
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more heavily in the vascular region
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the air temperature when tubers are
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iiO A B 'D C Fiq. 14 Second growth:
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identifying tissue bruised by black
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Internal Sprouting multiple sprouts
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conditions permits normal leaf deve
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Epidemiology Oxidant injury is pres
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sevritof stnting, chiorosis. loss o
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Selected Reference brown to bronze
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Part II. Disease in the Presence of
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should be planted on land with at l
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Control I) Use disease-free tubers
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FOI-SO M. D, and I. A. FRIEDMAN. )9
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Fungi Powdery Scab liberating powde
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Histopathology Sort of sporangia de
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any time but generally occurs late
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'40 ff .. . '1 f . ."L', . '1 .,. "
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A \, 2) Powdery mildew is rarely a
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R., Inst.. Kew. Surrey. ngland. 609
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TORRES, H.. E. R. FRENCH, and I.. W
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d AC D A 0 Fig 53 Gray mold. A, Bot
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strands of pigmented hyphae. Sclero
Page 63 and 64: tuber malformation. Roots are also
Page 65 and 66: 1. Giant-hill plants, taller than n
Page 67 and 68: 13. Bacterial soft rot. Erwinia car
Page 69 and 70: 24. Wart. Synchytrium endobioticum
Page 71 and 72: 34. Pleospora herbarum (Stemphylium
Page 73 and 74: 44. Charcoal rot. Macrophomina phas
Page 75 and 76: 55. Leafroll virus. Current season
Page 77 and 78: 67. Mop-top virus. Primary tuber 68
Page 79 and 80: 77. Aster yellows mycoplasma sympto
Page 81 and 82: Symptoms Small, localized, light br
Page 83 and 84: obovoid, and 14-30 X 5-10 pm. Pycni
Page 85 and 86: invaders through the IFusarium lesi
Page 87 and 88: necrosis extending into the tuber t
Page 89 and 90: do not survive drying. Both species
Page 91 and 92: cauisal. Tesis Magister Scientiae e
Page 93 and 94: penetration, and subsequent disease
Page 95 and 96: have been demonstrated, including t
Page 97 and 98: In P..floridana,strains of PVY" and
Page 99 and 100: infects certain comnie,-cial stocks
Page 101 and 102: cytoplasm of infected potato cells
Page 103 and 104: WETTER, C. 1971. Potato virus S. No
Page 105 and 106: 3) Resistance has not been identifi
Page 107 and 108: nm), which do code for coat protein
Page 109 and 110: Symptoms AMV may induce Other predo
Page 111 and 112: Disease Cycle I)escriptions of Plan
Page 113: Selected References KASSANIS, B. 19
Page 117 and 118: The "yellows" types of disease, cha
Page 119 and 120: modifying cultural practices and by
Page 121 and 122: immature females in the white or ye
Page 123 and 124: l.aboratory, Control. and Quarantin
Page 125 and 126: They attack many major crops in the
Page 127 and 128: infested areas of North America sev
Page 129 and 130: antennal tb l tuberce u antenna eye
Page 131 and 132: carbon tetrachloride, applied at th
Page 133 and 134: Diagnostic Microbial Structures Scl
Page 135 and 136: Surface and or interior Shades of g
Page 137 and 138: Equivalent Names of Potato Diseases
Page 139 and 140: Common Name Causal Factor Other Nam
Page 141 and 142: Common Name Causal Factor Other Nam
Page 143 and 144: coalesce-union of similar structure
Page 145 and 146: many days following removal of the
Page 147 and 148: Index Abrasions, tuber surfaces. 14
Page 149: Irost tolerance in. 9 aniligena. 68
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Compendium of Potato Diseases - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

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