Compendium of Potato Diseases - (PDF, 101 mb) - USAID

coalesce-union of similar structures merging or growing together into
a larger similar structure
coenocytic-multinucleate; e.g., a multinucleate plant body enclosed
within a common wall or a fungus filament lacking cross walls
comovirus-a virus within the group to which cowpea mosaic virus
belongs
conidilophore-specialized fungus hypha on which conidia
(conidiospores) are produced
conldlum (pl. conidla)-anyasexually produced spore germinating by a
germ tube
cortex (adj. cortica!)-parenchymatous tissue between the epidermis
and phloem in stems, tubers, and roots
cotyledon-seed leaf; primary embryonic leaf within the seed in which
nutrient for the new plant is stored
cupulate-cuplike, cup-shaped
cuticle-water-repellent waxy covering (cutin) of epidermal cells of
plant parts such as leaves, stems, or fruits; also the outer sheath or
membrane of nematodes
cv. (cultivnr)-a plant variety, a cultural selection
cwt- 100 lb, 45.45 kg
cyst-a capsule around certain cells, as bacteria in aresting spore stage;
also the egg-laden carcass of a female nematode
cystosori-a group of sporangia formed after division of a single
protoplast
cyto- (preflx)-referring to cell
cytoplasm-substance of a cell body exclusive of the nucleus
damping off-rapid destruction and collapse of seedling plants near soil
level due to cortical decay
decortication-loss of cortex due to rot
dehydrate-to reduce water content, to become dry
density gradient
centrifugation
centrifugatlon
in a column of a
-separation
solution of increasing of components density by
desiccate-to dry out
diagnostic-a distinguishing characteristic important for identification
of disease or other condition
dicotyledons (adj. dlcotyledonous)-plants having two cotyledons (seed
leaves), in contrast to monocotyledons (the grasses and cereals)
dilution end point-the point at which infectivityor other activity is lost
due to dilution
diploid-having two sets of chromosomes (in potato 2n 2x = 24)
distal-far or opposite distal-far~tha
from fro the ormioppowth end enplantshen
of attachment or rrii origin
dolomitic limestone-limestone rich in magnesium carbonate, CaMg
(CO10. dormant-resting, living but in a state of reduced activity
electrophoresis-movement of charged particles aad macromolecular
ions under the influence of an electric field
ELISA-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an extremely sensitive
serological test for virus or other antigens
elite seed-seed oiected from basic stocks of known origin, varietal
purity, and freedom from disease and protected from contamination
by sanitation and isolation
encapsidated-enclosed as if in a capsule
encyst (n. encystment)-to become enclosed in a cyst, a capsule
endemic-native to or peculiar to a locality or region
endoplasmic-pertaining to the inner granular, relatively fluid part of
the cytoplasm
enzyme-protein that catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction,
epicotyl-describing the portion ofa plant embryo or seedling above the
cotyledonary node
epidemiology-study of disease initiation, development, and spread,
particularly as influenced by environment
epidermis (adj. epidermal)-outer layer of cells usually one cell thick on
plant parts. On tubers, the epidermis is very short-lived
epinasty-downward c-irvature of leaf, leaf part, or stem due to rapid
expansion of the upper surface
erose-having the margin irregularly notched as if gnawed
erumpent-breaking out or erupting through the surface
exudate-usually an ooze or slime discharged from a diseased plant part
facultative-capable of changing life style; e.g.. from saprophytic to
parasitic or the reverse
fallow-describing plant-free cultivated land kept free from a crop or
weeds during the normal growing season
fasciated-malformed by growing together of plant structures, stems,
or buds
filament (adj. fllamentous)-thin, flexible, threadlike structure
fllform-threadlike
fixation-preservation of biological structures for microscopic
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examination by killing in suitable chemicals or physical conditions
so as to avoid changes in structure
flaccid-wilted, lacking in turgor
flagellum (pl. flagella, adj. flagellar)-hairlike or whiplike appendage of
bacterial cells or fungus zoospores providing movement
flocculation-aggregation into a loose fluffy mass
fructification-in fungi, a sporc-bearing structure
fumigant-a vapor-active chemical used in the gaseos. ;-base to kill or
inhibit growth of microorganisms or other pests
fungicide-a substance killing fungi; sometimes broadly used also for
substances inhibiting growth of fungi or spore germination
fungus (pl. fungl)-spore-producing plant lacking chlorophyll, often
causing disease of higher plants
g-gram, a unit of metric weight, approximately I/29 -z
galls-localized enlargements (overgrowths) on plants
gelatinous-resembling gelatin or jelly
gel-diffusion-a type of serological assay for virus identification
gemmation-in potato. successive production of tubersona stolon ina
beadlike manner
genetic-relating to heredity; describing heritable characteristics as
influenced by germplasm
genotype-the entire genetic constitution of an organism
geotroplc-plant growth directed toward the force of gravity; e.g., roots
germ tube-initial hyphal strand from a germinating fungus spore
germplasm-material capable of transmitting heritable characteristics
sexually or asexually
giant cell sncultinucleate cells formed by disintegration of cell walls;
also called syncytia in nematode infections
glycoprotein-a conjugated protein in which the nonprotein group is
carbohydrate
Gram stain-a stain for differentiating bacterial types
greening-development of chlorophyll in tubers after exposure to light
ha-hectar, 10,000 m (2.4b acres)
haploid-having the single basic chromosome numberas in most germ
cells
haulms-plant stems or stalks, vines of potato
haustorium (pl. haustoria)-specialized fungus protuberance into a
host cell, probably functioning in food absorption
herbaceous-nonwoody; e.g., a plant or plant part
herbicides-chemicals that suhh kill herbaceous plants; also applied to those
that limit growth of such plants
heteroiogous-different although apparently similar; e.g., the reaction
between an antiserum and an antigen closely resembling but not
identical to the antigen causing the production of antibody
hexaplold-having six sets of the basic number of chromosomes (in
potato. 2n = 6x = 72)
histopathology-study of pathology of cells and tissues; microscopic
changes characteristic of disease
homogeneous-similar in certain characteristics, such as in chemical
nature or physical properties
host-plant that furnishes a medium suitable for development of a
parasite
hyaline-colorless, transparent
hybrid-sexually produced offspring of parents differing genetically. In
potato, further vegetative propagation may continue as a clone.
hydrated-having absorbed water
hydrolyzed-having undergone chemical decomposition involving
splitting of a bond and addition of hydrogen and oxygen
hyperplasla-abnormal increase in the number of cells, resulting in
formation of galls or tumors
hypersensitive-extremely or excessively sensitive; having a type of
resistance resulting from extreme sen-itivity to a disease
hypertrophy-abnormal increase in the size of cells, resulting in
formation of galls or tumors
hypha (pl. hyphae)-tubular filament of a fungus
hyphal fusion-joining of fungal hyphae, usually with some exchange of
cell contents
hypocotyl-the part of a plant embryo or seedling below the cotyledons
icosahedral-describing a regular polyhedron with 20 equilateraltriangular
faces
Immunity-high resistance against a disease, exemption from infection;
or in an animal, having developed antibodies against a foreign
substance (usually a protein)
immunogenic-producing immunity, usually describing a protein
(antigen) capable of causing antibody formation when injected into
an animal
in vitro-in an artificial environment, usually outside the living body