Preface This compendium, a compilation <strong>of</strong> information describing persons and organizations diseases has permitted and disorders inclusion <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong> the pertinent potato, is intended to be applicable colored plates. throughout the world, including the tropics. For sorme time a need has existed The for continual a source <strong>of</strong> eizcouragement information and Associaticn cooperation <strong>of</strong> America <strong>of</strong> the and <strong>Potato</strong> concerning its me<strong>mb</strong>ers potato have been diseases most and grati production problems associated fying, encouraging, with disease and constructive. prevention. Because diseases frequently limit Without assistance successful from production, Michigan and State production University is an (MSU), expensive venture, concise, the International up-to-date <strong>Potato</strong> informaticn Center, is and required. the Michigan Foundation, this work could not Accounts have been <strong>of</strong> completed. diseases were All prepared have provided by individuals chosen for grants to enable manuscript theirexperience preparation. and knowledge The International <strong>of</strong> the subject. Literature on the <strong>Potato</strong> important Center diseases and is MSU extens;ve, have also and provided thorough re~earch understanding facilities. <strong>of</strong> Cooperaiion and pr<strong>of</strong>essional a single major capabilities disease has <strong>of</strong> the involved library many staff investigations. Refer- and personnel <strong>of</strong> the Graphic Arts Center ences were (MSU) selected is greatly to provide recent information and access to previously appreciated. published literature. The continued The compendium enthusiastic cooperation results from <strong>of</strong> the Dr. co<strong>mb</strong>ined Teresa lcochea efforts <strong>of</strong> many in critically individuals reviewing and several this manuscript organizations. is sincerely Me<strong>mb</strong>ers appreciated. <strong>of</strong> the advisory The stenographic expertise, committee attention provided to guidance detail, and patience in coordination and initial <strong>of</strong> Suzanne J. Weise, Monica planning Stenning, as and well Elaine as in Creech critical in and constructive manuscript manuscript review. Many preparation others have have generously been invaluable. given their time in review To Frances, my <strong>of</strong> parts wife, <strong>of</strong> for the her manuscript. patience, encouragement, and willingness to forego other interests Qualified so !hat persons this compendium prepared descriptions <strong>of</strong> individual might be completed, I am grateful. diseases. These and other persons and certain organizations have graciously loaned photographs. Financial assistance from W. J. Hooker DISCLAIMER Products and practices included in the control paragraph effectiveness <strong>of</strong> chemicals nor forauthorizing or recommending cf each disease are those reported to be effective. Permitted use use <strong>of</strong> chemicals or other preventive measures mentioned in this <strong>of</strong> c'icmicals varies among the nations producing and publication. Recommendatiotis for chemical selection, dosage, consuming potatoes. The international nature <strong>of</strong> this and method and time <strong>of</strong> application should be made only by public,;tion precludes limiting preventive measures to those authorized and informed personnel <strong>of</strong> the responsible accepted by particulargovermmental control agencies. Authors, governmental agency where potatoes are grown or marketed, sponsors. and organizations under whose auspices the and these instructions should be rigidly followed. compendium was prepared assume no responsibility for v
Acknowledgments Planning Committee W. J. Hooker, Coordinator, Michigan State University. East Lansing. Present address: International <strong>Potato</strong> Center, Lima, Peru Edward R. French, International <strong>Potato</strong> Center, Lima, Peru Robert W. Goth, USDA Plant Genetics and Germplasm Institute, Beltsville, MD Monty D. Harrison, Colorado State University, Fort Collins *J. E. Huguelet, North Dakota State University, Fargo Arthur Kelman, University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin, Madison W. F. Mai, Cornell University. Ithaca, NY Frank Manzer, University <strong>of</strong> Maine, Orono James Munro, 561 Dickinson Ave., Ottawa, Ontario. Canada L. W. Nielsen, North Carolina State University, Raleigh Dick Peters, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands *Otto E. Schultz. Cornell University. Ithaca, NY N. S. Wright, Canada Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture Research Station, Vancouser. B.C. *Deceased Contributors <strong>of</strong> Manuscripts or Photographs Agrios, G. N., University <strong>of</strong> Massachusetts, Amherst ASARCO Inc., Department <strong>of</strong> Environmental Sciences, Salt Lake City, UT Bagnall, R. H., Agriculture Canada Research Station, Fredericton, N.1B. Beems'er, Wageningen, A. The B. R., Netherlands Research Institute for Plant Protection, Bennett, C. W., USDA, Salinas, CA Berger, K. C., Berger and Associates, Hartland, W! Bhattacharyya, S. K., Central <strong>Potato</strong> Research Institute, Simla (H.P.) IndSia Boawn, L. C., Washington State University, Pullman Booth, R., International <strong>Potato</strong> Center, Lima, Peru Boyle, J. S., Pennsylvania State University, University Park Brodie, B. B., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Bryan, J., International <strong>Potato</strong> Center, Lima, Peru Burton, W. G., East Mailing Research Station, Maidstone, Kent, England Busch, L. V., University <strong>of</strong> Guelph, Guelph, Ont., Canada Butionitch, I. P.. lnstitiito Nacional de Technologia Agropecuaria, Balcarce, Argentina Caldcroni. A. V.. Instituto Nacional de Technologia Agropecuaria, Balcarce. Argentia Costa, A. S., rnstituto Agronomico de Estaoo de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil aln,, iter Darling, H., University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin, Madison de Abad, G.., Internatir Il <strong>Potato</strong> Center. I.ima, Peru de Bx, G., Reerhnsti t PotaaCent or Proetim, Wa de Bokx, , J. A.. Research Instit; te for Plant Protection, Wageningen, The Netherlands de Icochea, T. A.. Universidad Nacional Agraria, Lima, Peru de Zoeten, G.. University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin, Madison Dwivedi, R., Central <strong>Potato</strong> Research Institute, Simla (H.P.) India Dyson, P. W., Macaulay Institute <strong>of</strong> Soil Research, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, Scotlar.d Easton, G. D., Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Prosser, WA Ellis, M. B., Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England vii Ewing, E.E., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Fernow, K. H., 1228 Ellis Hollow Road, Ithaca, NY Frank, J. A., Pennsylvania State University, University Park French, E. R., International <strong>Potato</strong> Center, Lima, Peru Frey, F., International <strong>Potato</strong> Center, Lima, Peru Fribourg, C. E., Universidad Nacional Agraria, Lima, Peru Gausman, H. W., U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Soil and Water Research, Weslaco, TX Genereux, H., Ministere de l'Agriculture de Canada, Sainte-Anne-dela-Pocatiere, Quebec, Canada Goth, R. W., USDA Plant Genetics and Germplasm Institute, Beltsville, MD Hampson, M. C., Agriculture Canada Research Station, St. John's, Newfoundland Harrison, B. 3., Scottish Horticultural Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland Harrison, M. B., Cornell Nematology Laboratory, Farmingdale, NY Harrison, M. D., Colorado State University, Fort Collins Hide, G. A., Rothamsted Experiment Station, Harpenden, Herts, England Hiruki, C., University <strong>of</strong> Alberta, Edmonton Hooker, W. J., Michigan State University, E.Lansing Huguelet, J. E., North Dakota State University, Fargo Huttinga, H., Research Institute for Plant Protection, Wageningen, The Netherlands Interndtional Minerals and Chemical Corp., Libertyville, IL Iritani, W. M., Washington State University, Pullman Jatala, Jones, E. P., D., International Cornell University, <strong>Potato</strong> Center, Ithaca, Lima, NY Peru Jones, R. A. C., Internationa! <strong>Potato</strong> Center, Lima, Peru Keller, E. R., Institut fir Pflanzenbau der Eidgen6ssischen Technischen Hochschule, Z~irich, Switzerland Kelman, A., University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin, Madison Kitajima, E. W., Instituto Agronomico de Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil Larson, R. H., University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin, Madison Laughlin, W. M., USDA, Palmer, AK Lawrence, C. H., Agriculture Canada Research Station, Fredericton, N.B. Leggett, S. E., Utah State University, Logan Lennard, J. H., Edinburgh School <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Edinburgh, Scotland Letal, J. R., Regional Crops Laboratory, Olds, Alberta, Canada Logan, C., Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Belfast, N. Ireland MacGillivray, M. E., Agriculture Canada Research Station, Fredericton, N.B. Mai, W. F., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY Manzer, F. E., University <strong>of</strong> Maine, Orono Martin, C., International <strong>Potato</strong> Center, Lima, Peru McIntyre, G. A., Colorado State University, Ft. Collins Kenzie, A. R., Agriculture Canada Research Station, Fredericton, N. B. n . , Munro. J., 561 ldickinson Ave.. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Nelson. E., Colorado State University, Ft. Collins Nelson, P. E., Pennsylvania State University, University Park Nielsen, L..W., North Carolina State University, Raleigh Page, 0. T., International <strong>Potato</strong> Center. Lima, Peru Peters, D., Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands Raine. J., Canada Department <strong>of</strong> Agriculture, Research Station, Vancouver, B.C. Rich, A. E., University <strong>of</strong> New Hampshire, Durham
- Page 1 and 2: , ,. ,o . ; , . o , . r. , -' .L ,
- Page 3 and 4: Compendium of Potato Diseases W. J.
- Page 5: In memory ofimy respected colleague
- Page 9 and 10: Introduction 1 Potato Disease 1 The
- Page 11 and 12: A potato disease is an interaction
- Page 13 and 14: Fig. 1.A, Lower portion of young po
- Page 15 and 16: +q I B Fig 4. Natural openings in a
- Page 17 and 18: Part I. Disease in the Absence of I
- Page 19 and 20: more heavily in the vascular region
- Page 21 and 22: the air temperature when tubers are
- Page 23 and 24: iiO A B 'D C Fiq. 14 Second growth:
- Page 25 and 26: identifying tissue bruised by black
- Page 27 and 28: Internal Sprouting multiple sprouts
- Page 29 and 30: conditions permits normal leaf deve
- Page 31 and 32: Epidemiology Oxidant injury is pres
- Page 33 and 34: sevritof stnting, chiorosis. loss o
- Page 35 and 36: Selected Reference brown to bronze
- Page 37 and 38: Part II. Disease in the Presence of
- Page 39 and 40: should be planted on land with at l
- Page 41 and 42: Control I) Use disease-free tubers
- Page 43 and 44: FOI-SO M. D, and I. A. FRIEDMAN. )9
- Page 45 and 46: Fungi Powdery Scab liberating powde
- Page 47 and 48: Histopathology Sort of sporangia de
- Page 49 and 50: any time but generally occurs late
- Page 51 and 52: '40 ff .. . '1 f . ."L', . '1 .,. "
- Page 53 and 54: A \, 2) Powdery mildew is rarely a
- Page 55 and 56: R., Inst.. Kew. Surrey. ngland. 609
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TORRES, H.. E. R. FRENCH, and I.. W
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d AC D A 0 Fig 53 Gray mold. A, Bot
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strands of pigmented hyphae. Sclero
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tuber malformation. Roots are also
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1. Giant-hill plants, taller than n
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13. Bacterial soft rot. Erwinia car
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24. Wart. Synchytrium endobioticum
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34. Pleospora herbarum (Stemphylium
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44. Charcoal rot. Macrophomina phas
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55. Leafroll virus. Current season
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67. Mop-top virus. Primary tuber 68
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77. Aster yellows mycoplasma sympto
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Symptoms Small, localized, light br
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obovoid, and 14-30 X 5-10 pm. Pycni
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invaders through the IFusarium lesi
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necrosis extending into the tuber t
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do not survive drying. Both species
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cauisal. Tesis Magister Scientiae e
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penetration, and subsequent disease
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have been demonstrated, including t
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In P..floridana,strains of PVY" and
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infects certain comnie,-cial stocks
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cytoplasm of infected potato cells
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WETTER, C. 1971. Potato virus S. No
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3) Resistance has not been identifi
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nm), which do code for coat protein
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Symptoms AMV may induce Other predo
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Disease Cycle I)escriptions of Plan
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Selected References KASSANIS, B. 19
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Control 1)Avoid locations in wkhich
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The "yellows" types of disease, cha
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modifying cultural practices and by
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immature females in the white or ye
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l.aboratory, Control. and Quarantin
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They attack many major crops in the
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infested areas of North America sev
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antennal tb l tuberce u antenna eye
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carbon tetrachloride, applied at th
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Diagnostic Microbial Structures Scl
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Surface and or interior Shades of g
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Equivalent Names of Potato Diseases
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Common Name Causal Factor Other Nam
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Common Name Causal Factor Other Nam
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coalesce-union of similar structure
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many days following removal of the
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Index Abrasions, tuber surfaces. 14
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Irost tolerance in. 9 aniligena. 68