Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

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EXAMPLE – Calculating losses from leaks unit value remark VD [m 3 ] 10 volume of the storage container and of the system t [sec] 600 time for the pressure to drop from higher to lower level pe2 [bar] 11 pressure of the storage container at the higher level (start of measurement) pe1 [bar] 9 pressure of the storage container at the lower level (end of measurement) QL [m 3 /h] 120 leakage between maximum and minimum pressure Q [m 3 /h] 1200 average demand of compressed air www.engine-sme.eu = [%] 10 > 5 % for small plant > 15-20 % for larger plant
EXAMPLE – Calculating losses from leaks QL = Loss = V x 3,600 10 x 3,600 x [p e2 - pe1] = t 600 Q L Q = 120 1,200 = 10 % www.engine-sme.eu x [ 11 - 9] = 120
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Training c
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Overview Energy Data Typical consum
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Characteristics Energy intense indu
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Euro per GJ Energy price trends -GA
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Contents of EN 16001 … standard f
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Energy Policy www.engine-sme.eu
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Formalised approach 1. Discuss the
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2/10. Clarify the process At an ear
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4/10. Inviting staff to participate
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6/10. Energy Policy - content • C
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Example Energy Policy SCA HYGIENE P
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8/10. Final Energy Policy The proje
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10/10. Updating the policy The ener
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The initial review The goal of the
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Step by step process The initial re
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Define operating conditions The eff
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Human factors Beside the technical
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Data source: Invoices Invoices pres
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Calculating data - options • To i
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Data source: Measurements The first
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Meter requirements • Make sure th
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EXAMPLE Data preparation The follow
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EXAMPLE Absolute and relative indic
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Input-Output analysis Input Output
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Flow chart With the data collected
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Analysis and interpretation Current
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Legal Obligations www.engine-sme.eu
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Legal obligations STEPS 1. Decide w
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Energy Programme www.engine-sme.eu
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Establish the procedure Within the
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Gathering proposals There are 2 use
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Improvement proposals on site Staff
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Cost Benefit Diagram Field A has th
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Scoring system Another efficient pr
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Scoring system 3. Assessment - Each
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Financial assessment 1. Static inve
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Static methods The costs of an inve
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Implementation of proposals In prac
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Identification of savings Apportion
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The Energy Programme If tasks are v
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Resources, Roles and Responsibiliti
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Energy Manager & Energy Team The to
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The Energy Team Members of the ener
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Resources • timetable • budget
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Awareness raising In the area of in
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Top management Top management must
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Provide necessary information The i
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Data, indicators and performance
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Possibilities to reduce losses Gene
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Awareness raising Awareness is the
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Staff participation - Check 1. What
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Communication Data about the Energy
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Methods 1. Indicators 2. Informatio
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Information in text form In 2003 th
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Information in graphs MWh 10000 800
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The communication network For each
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Structure of an Energy report Execu
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EM System documentation The primary
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Document control • Date stamped (
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4.4.5 Control of documents 1. Docum
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Operational control As a rule of th
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Energy Monitoring www.engine-sme.eu
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... gives information Before energy
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Core areas When setting up an energ
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Results An energy monitoring asks f
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Electricity Company Energy monitori
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Natural gas In some countries, e.g.
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Results 1: Energy consumption Energ
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Results 3: Average energy costs Ene
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Evaluation of Compliance www.engine
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Register of compliance Relevant act
Page 143 and 144: Nonconformity, corrective and preve
Page 145 and 146: Control of Records www.engine-sme.e
Page 147 and 148: Records needed • Training
Page 149 and 150: Document control • Revision Dates
Page 151 and 152: General requirements for all record
Page 153 and 154: Internal Audit www.engine-sme.eu
Page 155 and 156: Areas to cover within an audit The
Page 157 and 158: 2. Energy data • Data is classifi
Page 159 and 160: 4. Energy team • In larger organi
Page 161 and 162: 6. Energy programme • The improve
Page 163 and 164: 8. Legal obligations • There is a
Page 165 and 166: 10. Energy intensive areas • Ener
Page 167 and 168: 12. Maintenance • Energy intensiv
Page 169 and 170: 14. Training • T
Page 171 and 172: 16. EM System documentation • The
Page 173 and 174: The audit team • The members of t
Page 175 and 176: EXAMPLE Audit Overview Office Produ
Page 177 and 178: Audit procedure 1. The Audit team m
Page 179 and 180: Review by top management Top manage
Page 181 and 182: Compressed Air www.engine-sme.eu
Page 183 and 184: Checking the efficiency Since poor
Page 185 and 186: Analysis & calculation - 12 steps T
Page 187 and 188: Step 2: Measure the consumption of
Page 189 and 190: Step 4: Compare the specific energy
Page 191 and 192: Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
Page 193: Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
Page 197 and 198: Step 6: Calculating the effective p
Page 199 and 200: Step 7: Calculate pressure in distr
Page 201 and 202: Step 8: Loss of pressure through sy
Page 203 and 204: Step 10: Decrease of efficiency thr
Page 205 and 206: Step 12: Choosing the off-load/ on-
Page 207 and 208: EXAMPLE - track the efficiency . da
Page 209 and 210: EXAMPLE - wast heat: track the effi
Page 211 and 212: Electric Motors www.engine-sme.eu
Page 213 and 214: Life-time facts • Almost half of
Page 215 and 216: Main components The following compo
Page 217 and 218: Losses in a motor system The main p
Page 219 and 220: Motor applications The following ap
Page 221 and 222: 1. Switch it off The simplest metho
Page 223 and 224: Permitted starts/hour 1. Switch it
Page 225 and 226: 2. Reducing motor load There is lit
Page 227 and 228: 4. Use motor control systems Variab
Page 229 and 230: 6. Reconnect to STAR ‘STAR’ con
Page 231 and 232: 7. Motor sizing It has been enginee
Page 233 and 234: Calculating the energy consumption
Page 239 and 240: EXAMPLE Calculating annual costs Mo
Page 241 and 242: Example: Comparing investment and r
Page 243 and 244: EXAMPLE Comparing HEF and normal mo
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Heating systems This module focuses
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Losses in a heating system As a rul
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Heat source and boiler • Oil boil
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Tube systems Heat in the form of ho
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Controls Controls allow you to regu
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Fuels Today fossil fuels such as oi
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Calculating running costs for heati
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Step 1: Identify heated area Identi
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Step 3: Develop an indicator All yo
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Reducing energy consumption Reducin
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B. Energy optimisation with simple
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Reduce room temperature at specifie
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Decrease heat losses through window
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Reduce boiler temperatures Hot wate
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Adjust preflux temperatures correct
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Adjust thermostat valves Make sure
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Check frost detection devices Check
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Hydraulic regulation of the heating
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Losses caused by emitted heat in ex
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Distribution losses During operatio
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Humidity and its influence on comfo
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Reduce costs by changing fuels and
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Lighting www.engine-sme.eu
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Lighting facts Lighting can be a bi
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a. Single rooms The lighting system
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c. Direct and indirect lighting Dir
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Light yield lm/W Life time hour Pur
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Requirements for illumination Illum
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Evenness of lighting Type of work E
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Evaluating costs for lighting It is
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Step 2 - Identify annual operating
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Making energy savings 1. First, foc
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Use of daylight Staff sometimes for
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Reduce lighting level Daylight cont
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Interiors and colours When decorati
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Use control systems Control systems
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Ventilation systems This module wil
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Background information Traditionall
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Background information There are di
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Natural ventilation There are many
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Ventilation rates The quantity of v
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Facts The amount of energy consumed
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Components A ventilation system con
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Efficiency of fans Fan connections
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Specific Fan Power There are now st
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Air-cleaning and filtration systems
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Electric heating batteries An elect
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Heat recovery systems In a ventilat
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Control systems Ideally, buildings
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Evaluating the energy consumption E
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Evaluating the energy consumption A
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Example - energy consumption B. Bas
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Making energy savings The energy us
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Example Ventilation rates Office bu
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Example Ventilation rates Office bu
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Energy savings - 4. Use of control
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Summary Industrial ventilation gene
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Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

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