Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

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Data source: Measurements Measurements are always time and cost intensive and before starting it should be clear that: • the benefit is higher than the total costs of the measurement • there is no knowledge about a certain area and measuring gives guidance. ”You cannot control what you cannot measure” www.engine-sme.eu
Data source: Measurements The first place for measuring the electricity consumption is usually at the switchbox. The data can be used directly for calculations. Data for gas and district heating can be obtained from the meters at the supply terminals. Measuring electricity and fuel at individual areas of the company could be undertaken by the staff themselves. Areas such as compressed air, waste heat or ventilation rate are more sophisticated and need an expert. www.engine-sme.eu
Page 1 and 2: Training c
Page 3 and 4: Overview Energy Data Typical consum
Page 5 and 6: Characteristics Energy intense indu
Page 7 and 8: Euro per GJ Energy price trends -GA
Page 9 and 10: Contents of EN 16001 … standard f
Page 11 and 12: Energy Policy www.engine-sme.eu
Page 13 and 14: Formalised approach 1. Discuss the
Page 15 and 16: 2/10. Clarify the process At an ear
Page 17 and 18: 4/10. Inviting staff to participate
Page 19 and 20: 6/10. Energy Policy - content • C
Page 21 and 22: Example Energy Policy SCA HYGIENE P
Page 23 and 24: 8/10. Final Energy Policy The proje
Page 25 and 26: 10/10. Updating the policy The ener
Page 27 and 28: The initial review The goal of the
Page 29 and 30: Step by step process The initial re
Page 31 and 32: Define operating conditions The eff
Page 33 and 34: Human factors Beside the technical
Page 35 and 36: Data source: Invoices Invoices pres
Page 37: Calculating data - options • To i
Page 41 and 42: Meter requirements • Make sure th
Page 43 and 44: EXAMPLE Data preparation The follow
Page 45 and 46: EXAMPLE Absolute and relative indic
Page 47 and 48: Input-Output analysis Input Output
Page 49 and 50: Flow chart With the data collected
Page 51 and 52: Analysis and interpretation Current
Page 53 and 54: Legal Obligations www.engine-sme.eu
Page 55 and 56: Legal obligations STEPS 1. Decide w
Page 57 and 58: Energy Programme www.engine-sme.eu
Page 59 and 60: Establish the procedure Within the
Page 61 and 62: Gathering proposals There are 2 use
Page 63 and 64: Improvement proposals on site Staff
Page 65 and 66: Cost Benefit Diagram Field A has th
Page 67 and 68: Scoring system Another efficient pr
Page 69 and 70: Scoring system 3. Assessment - Each
Page 71 and 72: Financial assessment 1. Static inve
Page 73 and 74: Static methods The costs of an inve
Page 75 and 76: Implementation of proposals In prac
Page 77 and 78: Identification of savings Apportion
Page 79 and 80: The Energy Programme If tasks are v
Page 81 and 82: Resources, Roles and Responsibiliti
Page 83 and 84: Energy Manager & Energy Team The to
Page 85 and 86: The Energy Team Members of the ener
Page 87 and 88: Resources • timetable • budget
Page 89 and 90:
Awareness raising In the area of in
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Top management Top management must
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Provide necessary information The i
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Data, indicators and performance
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Possibilities to reduce losses Gene
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Awareness raising Awareness is the
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Staff participation - Check 1. What
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Communication Data about the Energy
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Methods 1. Indicators 2. Informatio
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Information in text form In 2003 th
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Information in graphs MWh 10000 800
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The communication network For each
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Structure of an Energy report Execu
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EM System documentation The primary
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Document control • Date stamped (
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4.4.5 Control of documents 1. Docum
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Operational control As a rule of th
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Energy Monitoring www.engine-sme.eu
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... gives information Before energy
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Core areas When setting up an energ
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Results An energy monitoring asks f
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Electricity Company Energy monitori
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Natural gas In some countries, e.g.
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Results 1: Energy consumption Energ
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Results 3: Average energy costs Ene
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Evaluation of Compliance www.engine
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Register of compliance Relevant act
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Nonconformity, corrective and preve
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Control of Records www.engine-sme.e
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Records needed • Training
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Document control • Revision Dates
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General requirements for all record
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Internal Audit www.engine-sme.eu
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Areas to cover within an audit The
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2. Energy data • Data is classifi
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4. Energy team • In larger organi
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6. Energy programme • The improve
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8. Legal obligations • There is a
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10. Energy intensive areas • Ener
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12. Maintenance • Energy intensiv
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14. Training • T
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16. EM System documentation • The
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The audit team • The members of t
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EXAMPLE Audit Overview Office Produ
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Audit procedure 1. The Audit team m
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Review by top management Top manage
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Compressed Air www.engine-sme.eu
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Checking the efficiency Since poor
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Analysis & calculation - 12 steps T
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Step 2: Measure the consumption of
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Step 4: Compare the specific energy
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Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
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Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
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EXAMPLE - Calculating losses from l
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Step 6: Calculating the effective p
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Step 7: Calculate pressure in distr
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Step 8: Loss of pressure through sy
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Step 10: Decrease of efficiency thr
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Step 12: Choosing the off-load/ on-
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EXAMPLE - track the efficiency . da
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EXAMPLE - wast heat: track the effi
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Electric Motors www.engine-sme.eu
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Life-time facts • Almost half of
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Main components The following compo
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Losses in a motor system The main p
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Motor applications The following ap
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1. Switch it off The simplest metho
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Permitted starts/hour 1. Switch it
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2. Reducing motor load There is lit
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4. Use motor control systems Variab
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6. Reconnect to STAR ‘STAR’ con
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7. Motor sizing It has been enginee
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Calculating the energy consumption
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Page 239 and 240:
EXAMPLE Calculating annual costs Mo
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Example: Comparing investment and r
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EXAMPLE Comparing HEF and normal mo
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Heating systems This module focuses
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Losses in a heating system As a rul
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Heat source and boiler • Oil boil
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Tube systems Heat in the form of ho
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Controls Controls allow you to regu
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Fuels Today fossil fuels such as oi
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Calculating running costs for heati
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Step 1: Identify heated area Identi
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Step 3: Develop an indicator All yo
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Reducing energy consumption Reducin
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B. Energy optimisation with simple
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Reduce room temperature at specifie
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Decrease heat losses through window
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Reduce boiler temperatures Hot wate
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Adjust preflux temperatures correct
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Adjust thermostat valves Make sure
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Check frost detection devices Check
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Hydraulic regulation of the heating
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Losses caused by emitted heat in ex
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Distribution losses During operatio
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Humidity and its influence on comfo
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Reduce costs by changing fuels and
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Lighting www.engine-sme.eu
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Lighting facts Lighting can be a bi
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a. Single rooms The lighting system
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c. Direct and indirect lighting Dir
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Light yield lm/W Life time hour Pur
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Requirements for illumination Illum
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Evenness of lighting Type of work E
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Evaluating costs for lighting It is
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Step 2 - Identify annual operating
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Making energy savings 1. First, foc
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Use of daylight Staff sometimes for
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Reduce lighting level Daylight cont
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Interiors and colours When decorati
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Use control systems Control systems
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Ventilation systems This module wil
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Background information Traditionall
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Background information There are di
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Natural ventilation There are many
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Ventilation rates The quantity of v
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Facts The amount of energy consumed
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Components A ventilation system con
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Efficiency of fans Fan connections
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Specific Fan Power There are now st
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Air-cleaning and filtration systems
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Electric heating batteries An elect
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Heat recovery systems In a ventilat
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Control systems Ideally, buildings
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Evaluating the energy consumption E
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Evaluating the energy consumption A
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Example - energy consumption B. Bas
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Making energy savings The energy us
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Example Ventilation rates Office bu
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Example Ventilation rates Office bu
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Energy savings - 4. Use of control
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Summary Industrial ventilation gene
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Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

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