Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

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Dynamic pay back The costs of an investment the benefits over the years will be considered: Example: Investment of 10000; Savings of First year: 4000 Second year: 2000 Third year: 4000 Fourth year: 5000 Interest rate of 10%: Year 1 2 3 4 Savings 4000 www.engine-sme.eu 2000 4000 5000 Savings 3636 1653 3005 3415 Savings accumulated 3636 5289 8294 11709
Implementation of proposals In practice the following financial problems occur: • Companies do not allocate a separate budget for energy topics and improvement activities. • Savings will rarely be allocated to the departments from which they were derived. This results in the situation that the energy manager always has to ask for every individual funding for improvement activities. www.engine-sme.eu
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Training c
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Overview Energy Data Typical consum
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Characteristics Energy intense indu
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Euro per GJ Energy price trends -GA
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Contents of EN 16001 … standard f
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Energy Policy www.engine-sme.eu
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Formalised approach 1. Discuss the
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2/10. Clarify the process At an ear
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4/10. Inviting staff to participate
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6/10. Energy Policy - content • C
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Example Energy Policy SCA HYGIENE P
Page 23 and 24: 8/10. Final Energy Policy The proje
Page 25 and 26: 10/10. Updating the policy The ener
Page 27 and 28: The initial review The goal of the
Page 29 and 30: Step by step process The initial re
Page 31 and 32: Define operating conditions The eff
Page 33 and 34: Human factors Beside the technical
Page 35 and 36: Data source: Invoices Invoices pres
Page 37 and 38: Calculating data - options • To i
Page 39 and 40: Data source: Measurements The first
Page 41 and 42: Meter requirements • Make sure th
Page 43 and 44: EXAMPLE Data preparation The follow
Page 45 and 46: EXAMPLE Absolute and relative indic
Page 47 and 48: Input-Output analysis Input Output
Page 49 and 50: Flow chart With the data collected
Page 51 and 52: Analysis and interpretation Current
Page 53 and 54: Legal Obligations www.engine-sme.eu
Page 55 and 56: Legal obligations STEPS 1. Decide w
Page 57 and 58: Energy Programme www.engine-sme.eu
Page 59 and 60: Establish the procedure Within the
Page 61 and 62: Gathering proposals There are 2 use
Page 63 and 64: Improvement proposals on site Staff
Page 65 and 66: Cost Benefit Diagram Field A has th
Page 67 and 68: Scoring system Another efficient pr
Page 69 and 70: Scoring system 3. Assessment - Each
Page 71 and 72: Financial assessment 1. Static inve
Page 73: Static methods The costs of an inve
Page 77 and 78: Identification of savings Apportion
Page 79 and 80: The Energy Programme If tasks are v
Page 81 and 82: Resources, Roles and Responsibiliti
Page 83 and 84: Energy Manager & Energy Team The to
Page 85 and 86: The Energy Team Members of the ener
Page 87 and 88: Resources • timetable • budget
Page 89 and 90: Awareness raising In the area of in
Page 91 and 92: Top management Top management must
Page 93 and 94: Provide necessary information The i
Page 95 and 96: Data, indicators and performance
Page 97 and 98: Possibilities to reduce losses Gene
Page 99 and 100: Awareness raising Awareness is the
Page 101 and 102: Staff participation - Check 1. What
Page 103 and 104: Communication Data about the Energy
Page 105 and 106: Methods 1. Indicators 2. Informatio
Page 107 and 108: Information in text form In 2003 th
Page 109 and 110: Information in graphs MWh 10000 800
Page 111 and 112: The communication network For each
Page 113 and 114: Structure of an Energy report Execu
Page 115 and 116: EM System documentation The primary
Page 117 and 118: Document control • Date stamped (
Page 119 and 120: 4.4.5 Control of documents 1. Docum
Page 121 and 122: Operational control As a rule of th
Page 123 and 124: Energy Monitoring www.engine-sme.eu
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... gives information Before energy
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Core areas When setting up an energ
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Results An energy monitoring asks f
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Electricity Company Energy monitori
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Natural gas In some countries, e.g.
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Results 1: Energy consumption Energ
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Results 3: Average energy costs Ene
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Evaluation of Compliance www.engine
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Register of compliance Relevant act
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Nonconformity, corrective and preve
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Control of Records www.engine-sme.e
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Records needed • Training
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Document control • Revision Dates
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General requirements for all record
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Internal Audit www.engine-sme.eu
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Areas to cover within an audit The
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2. Energy data • Data is classifi
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4. Energy team • In larger organi
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6. Energy programme • The improve
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8. Legal obligations • There is a
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10. Energy intensive areas • Ener
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12. Maintenance • Energy intensiv
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14. Training • T
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16. EM System documentation • The
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The audit team • The members of t
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EXAMPLE Audit Overview Office Produ
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Audit procedure 1. The Audit team m
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Review by top management Top manage
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Compressed Air www.engine-sme.eu
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Checking the efficiency Since poor
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Analysis & calculation - 12 steps T
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Step 2: Measure the consumption of
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Step 4: Compare the specific energy
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Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
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Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
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EXAMPLE - Calculating losses from l
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Step 6: Calculating the effective p
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Step 7: Calculate pressure in distr
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Step 8: Loss of pressure through sy
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Step 10: Decrease of efficiency thr
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Step 12: Choosing the off-load/ on-
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EXAMPLE - track the efficiency . da
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EXAMPLE - wast heat: track the effi
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Electric Motors www.engine-sme.eu
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Life-time facts • Almost half of
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Main components The following compo
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Losses in a motor system The main p
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Motor applications The following ap
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1. Switch it off The simplest metho
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Permitted starts/hour 1. Switch it
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2. Reducing motor load There is lit
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4. Use motor control systems Variab
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6. Reconnect to STAR ‘STAR’ con
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7. Motor sizing It has been enginee
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Calculating the energy consumption
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EXAMPLE Calculating annual costs Mo
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Example: Comparing investment and r
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EXAMPLE Comparing HEF and normal mo
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Heating systems This module focuses
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Losses in a heating system As a rul
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Heat source and boiler • Oil boil
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Tube systems Heat in the form of ho
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Controls Controls allow you to regu
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Fuels Today fossil fuels such as oi
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Calculating running costs for heati
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Step 1: Identify heated area Identi
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Step 3: Develop an indicator All yo
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Reducing energy consumption Reducin
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B. Energy optimisation with simple
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Reduce room temperature at specifie
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Decrease heat losses through window
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Reduce boiler temperatures Hot wate
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Adjust preflux temperatures correct
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Adjust thermostat valves Make sure
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Check frost detection devices Check
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Hydraulic regulation of the heating
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Losses caused by emitted heat in ex
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Distribution losses During operatio
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Humidity and its influence on comfo
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Reduce costs by changing fuels and
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Lighting www.engine-sme.eu
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Lighting facts Lighting can be a bi
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a. Single rooms The lighting system
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c. Direct and indirect lighting Dir
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Light yield lm/W Life time hour Pur
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Requirements for illumination Illum
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Evenness of lighting Type of work E
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Evaluating costs for lighting It is
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Step 2 - Identify annual operating
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Making energy savings 1. First, foc
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Use of daylight Staff sometimes for
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Reduce lighting level Daylight cont
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Interiors and colours When decorati
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Use control systems Control systems
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Ventilation systems This module wil
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Background information Traditionall
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Background information There are di
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Natural ventilation There are many
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Ventilation rates The quantity of v
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Facts The amount of energy consumed
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Components A ventilation system con
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Efficiency of fans Fan connections
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Specific Fan Power There are now st
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Air-cleaning and filtration systems
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Electric heating batteries An elect
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Heat recovery systems In a ventilat
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Control systems Ideally, buildings
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Evaluating the energy consumption E
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Evaluating the energy consumption A
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Example - energy consumption B. Bas
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Making energy savings The energy us
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Example Ventilation rates Office bu
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Example Ventilation rates Office bu
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Energy savings - 4. Use of control
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Summary Industrial ventilation gene
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Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

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