Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

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Heat distribution systems Heat distribution systems transport heat from the source to the heat emitter. Usually water or steam will be transported. The components of a heat distribution system are: • Tube system • Circulating pumps • Lock up and control devices www.engine-sme.eu
Tube systems Heat in the form of hot water or steam will be distributed from the heat source to the heat emitter. In an existing system it is difficult to change the tube system. The size of a tube system may originally be designed by a specialist for a predefined purpose. However, problems occur •when the heating system may not be used for the purpose it was originally intended, e.g. because room occupancy changed, •when the system was badly designed to keep investment cost low or •when the system is not regularly maintained. www.engine-sme.eu
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Training c
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Overview Energy Data Typical consum
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Characteristics Energy intense indu
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Euro per GJ Energy price trends -GA
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Contents of EN 16001 … standard f
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Energy Policy www.engine-sme.eu
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Formalised approach 1. Discuss the
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2/10. Clarify the process At an ear
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4/10. Inviting staff to participate
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6/10. Energy Policy - content • C
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Example Energy Policy SCA HYGIENE P
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8/10. Final Energy Policy The proje
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10/10. Updating the policy The ener
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The initial review The goal of the
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Step by step process The initial re
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Define operating conditions The eff
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Human factors Beside the technical
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Data source: Invoices Invoices pres
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Calculating data - options • To i
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Data source: Measurements The first
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Meter requirements • Make sure th
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EXAMPLE Data preparation The follow
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EXAMPLE Absolute and relative indic
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Input-Output analysis Input Output
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Flow chart With the data collected
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Analysis and interpretation Current
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Legal Obligations www.engine-sme.eu
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Legal obligations STEPS 1. Decide w
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Energy Programme www.engine-sme.eu
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Establish the procedure Within the
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Gathering proposals There are 2 use
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Improvement proposals on site Staff
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Cost Benefit Diagram Field A has th
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Scoring system Another efficient pr
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Scoring system 3. Assessment - Each
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Financial assessment 1. Static inve
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Static methods The costs of an inve
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Implementation of proposals In prac
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Identification of savings Apportion
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The Energy Programme If tasks are v
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Resources, Roles and Responsibiliti
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Energy Manager & Energy Team The to
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The Energy Team Members of the ener
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Resources • timetable • budget
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Awareness raising In the area of in
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Top management Top management must
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Provide necessary information The i
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Data, indicators and performance
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Possibilities to reduce losses Gene
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Awareness raising Awareness is the
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Staff participation - Check 1. What
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Communication Data about the Energy
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Methods 1. Indicators 2. Informatio
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Information in text form In 2003 th
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Information in graphs MWh 10000 800
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The communication network For each
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Structure of an Energy report Execu
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EM System documentation The primary
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Document control • Date stamped (
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4.4.5 Control of documents 1. Docum
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Operational control As a rule of th
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Energy Monitoring www.engine-sme.eu
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... gives information Before energy
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Core areas When setting up an energ
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Results An energy monitoring asks f
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Electricity Company Energy monitori
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Natural gas In some countries, e.g.
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Results 1: Energy consumption Energ
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Results 3: Average energy costs Ene
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Evaluation of Compliance www.engine
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Register of compliance Relevant act
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Nonconformity, corrective and preve
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Control of Records www.engine-sme.e
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Records needed • Training
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Document control • Revision Dates
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General requirements for all record
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Internal Audit www.engine-sme.eu
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Areas to cover within an audit The
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2. Energy data • Data is classifi
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4. Energy team • In larger organi
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6. Energy programme • The improve
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8. Legal obligations • There is a
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10. Energy intensive areas • Ener
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12. Maintenance • Energy intensiv
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14. Training • T
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16. EM System documentation • The
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The audit team • The members of t
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EXAMPLE Audit Overview Office Produ
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Audit procedure 1. The Audit team m
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Review by top management Top manage
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Compressed Air www.engine-sme.eu
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Checking the efficiency Since poor
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Analysis & calculation - 12 steps T
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Step 2: Measure the consumption of
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Step 4: Compare the specific energy
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Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
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Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
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EXAMPLE - Calculating losses from l
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Step 6: Calculating the effective p
Page 199 and 200: Step 7: Calculate pressure in distr
Page 201 and 202: Step 8: Loss of pressure through sy
Page 203 and 204: Step 10: Decrease of efficiency thr
Page 205 and 206: Step 12: Choosing the off-load/ on-
Page 207 and 208: EXAMPLE - track the efficiency . da
Page 209 and 210: EXAMPLE - wast heat: track the effi
Page 211 and 212: Electric Motors www.engine-sme.eu
Page 213 and 214: Life-time facts • Almost half of
Page 215 and 216: Main components The following compo
Page 217 and 218: Losses in a motor system The main p
Page 219 and 220: Motor applications The following ap
Page 221 and 222: 1. Switch it off The simplest metho
Page 223 and 224: Permitted starts/hour 1. Switch it
Page 225 and 226: 2. Reducing motor load There is lit
Page 227 and 228: 4. Use motor control systems Variab
Page 229 and 230: 6. Reconnect to STAR ‘STAR’ con
Page 231 and 232: 7. Motor sizing It has been enginee
Page 233 and 234: Calculating the energy consumption
Page 239 and 240: EXAMPLE Calculating annual costs Mo
Page 241 and 242: Example: Comparing investment and r
Page 243 and 244: EXAMPLE Comparing HEF and normal mo
Page 245 and 246: Heating systems This module focuses
Page 247 and 248: Losses in a heating system As a rul
Page 249: Heat source and boiler • Oil boil
Page 253 and 254: Controls Controls allow you to regu
Page 255 and 256: Fuels Today fossil fuels such as oi
Page 257 and 258: Calculating running costs for heati
Page 259 and 260: Step 1: Identify heated area Identi
Page 261 and 262: Step 3: Develop an indicator All yo
Page 263 and 264: Reducing energy consumption Reducin
Page 265 and 266: B. Energy optimisation with simple
Page 267 and 268: Reduce room temperature at specifie
Page 269 and 270: Decrease heat losses through window
Page 271 and 272: Reduce boiler temperatures Hot wate
Page 273 and 274: Adjust preflux temperatures correct
Page 275 and 276: Adjust thermostat valves Make sure
Page 277 and 278: Check frost detection devices Check
Page 279 and 280: Hydraulic regulation of the heating
Page 281 and 282: Losses caused by emitted heat in ex
Page 283 and 284: Distribution losses During operatio
Page 285 and 286: Humidity and its influence on comfo
Page 287 and 288: Reduce costs by changing fuels and
Page 289 and 290: Lighting www.engine-sme.eu
Page 291 and 292: Lighting facts Lighting can be a bi
Page 293 and 294: a. Single rooms The lighting system
Page 295 and 296: c. Direct and indirect lighting Dir
Page 297 and 298: Light yield lm/W Life time hour Pur
Page 299 and 300: Requirements for illumination Illum
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Evenness of lighting Type of work E
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Evaluating costs for lighting It is
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Step 2 - Identify annual operating
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Making energy savings 1. First, foc
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Use of daylight Staff sometimes for
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Reduce lighting level Daylight cont
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Interiors and colours When decorati
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Use control systems Control systems
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Ventilation systems This module wil
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Background information Traditionall
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Background information There are di
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Natural ventilation There are many
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Ventilation rates The quantity of v
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Facts The amount of energy consumed
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Components A ventilation system con
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Efficiency of fans Fan connections
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Specific Fan Power There are now st
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Air-cleaning and filtration systems
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Electric heating batteries An elect
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Heat recovery systems In a ventilat
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Control systems Ideally, buildings
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Evaluating the energy consumption E
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Evaluating the energy consumption A
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Example - energy consumption B. Bas
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Making energy savings The energy us
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Example Ventilation rates Office bu
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Example Ventilation rates Office bu
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Energy savings - 4. Use of control
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Summary Industrial ventilation gene
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Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

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