Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

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Lighting sources and characteristics A lighting system may use different lighting sources although incandescent and fluorescent lamps are best known. Each lighting source has its advantages and disadvantages and the use of a lamp depends on the lighting requirements. a. Traditional bulbs b. Fluorescent lamp standard c. Compact fluorescent lamps d. New generation fluorescent lamps www.engine-sme.eu
Light yield lm/W Life time hour Purchase cost Life time cost Ballast Advantage Disadvantage Traditional bulbs 12-16 1000 Very low Very high No Ballast required Very low purchase cost No ballast required Excellent colour rendering Very high life time cost Low light yield Short life Fluorescent lamp standard 40-68 8000-12000 Low Very high Conventional ballast Low purchase cost Very low life time cost Long life time Good quality light to the rooms www.engine-sme.eu Slowly run up to full light Excessive switching shortens life Ballast required Stroboscopic effect Compact fluorescent lamps 44-88 8000-12000 High Low Integrated electronic ballast Low life time cost Energy-saving High light yield and life time Interchangeable with traditional bulbs High frequency switch High purchase cost Cannot be used with dimmers New generation fluorescent lamps 66-104 12000 High Low Electronic ballast Very high life time Very high light yield Incorporate electronic ballast No stroboscopic effect Low life time cost Ballast required High purchase cost
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Training c
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Overview Energy Data Typical consum
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Characteristics Energy intense indu
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Euro per GJ Energy price trends -GA
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Contents of EN 16001 … standard f
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Energy Policy www.engine-sme.eu
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Formalised approach 1. Discuss the
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2/10. Clarify the process At an ear
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4/10. Inviting staff to participate
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6/10. Energy Policy - content • C
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Example Energy Policy SCA HYGIENE P
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8/10. Final Energy Policy The proje
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10/10. Updating the policy The ener
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The initial review The goal of the
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Step by step process The initial re
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Define operating conditions The eff
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Human factors Beside the technical
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Data source: Invoices Invoices pres
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Calculating data - options • To i
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Data source: Measurements The first
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Meter requirements • Make sure th
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EXAMPLE Data preparation The follow
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EXAMPLE Absolute and relative indic
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Input-Output analysis Input Output
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Flow chart With the data collected
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Analysis and interpretation Current
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Legal Obligations www.engine-sme.eu
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Legal obligations STEPS 1. Decide w
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Energy Programme www.engine-sme.eu
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Establish the procedure Within the
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Gathering proposals There are 2 use
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Improvement proposals on site Staff
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Cost Benefit Diagram Field A has th
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Scoring system Another efficient pr
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Scoring system 3. Assessment - Each
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Financial assessment 1. Static inve
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Static methods The costs of an inve
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Implementation of proposals In prac
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Identification of savings Apportion
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The Energy Programme If tasks are v
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Resources, Roles and Responsibiliti
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Energy Manager & Energy Team The to
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The Energy Team Members of the ener
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Resources • timetable • budget
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Awareness raising In the area of in
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Top management Top management must
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Provide necessary information The i
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Data, indicators and performance
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Possibilities to reduce losses Gene
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Awareness raising Awareness is the
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Staff participation - Check 1. What
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Communication Data about the Energy
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Methods 1. Indicators 2. Informatio
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Information in text form In 2003 th
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Information in graphs MWh 10000 800
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The communication network For each
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Structure of an Energy report Execu
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EM System documentation The primary
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Document control • Date stamped (
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4.4.5 Control of documents 1. Docum
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Operational control As a rule of th
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Energy Monitoring www.engine-sme.eu
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... gives information Before energy
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Core areas When setting up an energ
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Results An energy monitoring asks f
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Electricity Company Energy monitori
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Natural gas In some countries, e.g.
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Results 1: Energy consumption Energ
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Results 3: Average energy costs Ene
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Evaluation of Compliance www.engine
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Register of compliance Relevant act
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Nonconformity, corrective and preve
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Control of Records www.engine-sme.e
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Records needed • Training
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Document control • Revision Dates
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General requirements for all record
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Internal Audit www.engine-sme.eu
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Areas to cover within an audit The
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2. Energy data • Data is classifi
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4. Energy team • In larger organi
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6. Energy programme • The improve
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8. Legal obligations • There is a
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10. Energy intensive areas • Ener
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12. Maintenance • Energy intensiv
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14. Training • T
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16. EM System documentation • The
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The audit team • The members of t
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EXAMPLE Audit Overview Office Produ
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Audit procedure 1. The Audit team m
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Review by top management Top manage
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Compressed Air www.engine-sme.eu
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Checking the efficiency Since poor
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Analysis & calculation - 12 steps T
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Step 2: Measure the consumption of
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Step 4: Compare the specific energy
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Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
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Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
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EXAMPLE - Calculating losses from l
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Step 6: Calculating the effective p
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Step 7: Calculate pressure in distr
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Step 8: Loss of pressure through sy
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Step 10: Decrease of efficiency thr
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Step 12: Choosing the off-load/ on-
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EXAMPLE - track the efficiency . da
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EXAMPLE - wast heat: track the effi
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Electric Motors www.engine-sme.eu
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Life-time facts • Almost half of
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Main components The following compo
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Losses in a motor system The main p
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Motor applications The following ap
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1. Switch it off The simplest metho
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Permitted starts/hour 1. Switch it
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2. Reducing motor load There is lit
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4. Use motor control systems Variab
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6. Reconnect to STAR ‘STAR’ con
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7. Motor sizing It has been enginee
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Calculating the energy consumption
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EXAMPLE Calculating annual costs Mo
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Example: Comparing investment and r
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EXAMPLE Comparing HEF and normal mo
Page 245 and 246: Heating systems This module focuses
Page 247 and 248: Losses in a heating system As a rul
Page 249 and 250: Heat source and boiler • Oil boil
Page 251 and 252: Tube systems Heat in the form of ho
Page 253 and 254: Controls Controls allow you to regu
Page 255 and 256: Fuels Today fossil fuels such as oi
Page 257 and 258: Calculating running costs for heati
Page 259 and 260: Step 1: Identify heated area Identi
Page 261 and 262: Step 3: Develop an indicator All yo
Page 263 and 264: Reducing energy consumption Reducin
Page 265 and 266: B. Energy optimisation with simple
Page 267 and 268: Reduce room temperature at specifie
Page 269 and 270: Decrease heat losses through window
Page 271 and 272: Reduce boiler temperatures Hot wate
Page 273 and 274: Adjust preflux temperatures correct
Page 275 and 276: Adjust thermostat valves Make sure
Page 277 and 278: Check frost detection devices Check
Page 279 and 280: Hydraulic regulation of the heating
Page 281 and 282: Losses caused by emitted heat in ex
Page 283 and 284: Distribution losses During operatio
Page 285 and 286: Humidity and its influence on comfo
Page 287 and 288: Reduce costs by changing fuels and
Page 289 and 290: Lighting www.engine-sme.eu
Page 291 and 292: Lighting facts Lighting can be a bi
Page 293 and 294: a. Single rooms The lighting system
Page 295: c. Direct and indirect lighting Dir
Page 299 and 300: Requirements for illumination Illum
Page 301 and 302: Evenness of lighting Type of work E
Page 303 and 304: Evaluating costs for lighting It is
Page 305 and 306: Step 2 - Identify annual operating
Page 307 and 308: Making energy savings 1. First, foc
Page 309 and 310: Use of daylight Staff sometimes for
Page 311 and 312: Reduce lighting level Daylight cont
Page 313 and 314: Interiors and colours When decorati
Page 315 and 316: Use control systems Control systems
Page 317 and 318: Ventilation systems This module wil
Page 319 and 320: Background information Traditionall
Page 321 and 322: Background information There are di
Page 323 and 324: Natural ventilation There are many
Page 325 and 326: Ventilation rates The quantity of v
Page 327 and 328: Facts The amount of energy consumed
Page 329 and 330: Components A ventilation system con
Page 331 and 332: Efficiency of fans Fan connections
Page 333 and 334: Specific Fan Power There are now st
Page 335 and 336: Air-cleaning and filtration systems
Page 337 and 338: Electric heating batteries An elect
Page 339 and 340: Heat recovery systems In a ventilat
Page 341 and 342: Control systems Ideally, buildings
Page 343 and 344: Evaluating the energy consumption E
Page 345 and 346: Evaluating the energy consumption A
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Example - energy consumption B. Bas
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Making energy savings The energy us
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Example Ventilation rates Office bu
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Example Ventilation rates Office bu
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Energy savings - 4. Use of control
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Summary Industrial ventilation gene
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Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

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