Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

More documents

Recommendations

Info

General advice When preparing data the following points should be taken into account: • Use only data essential for the analysis • Reduce data into small units • Focus on comprehensive areas so that staff realise which activities have a positive influence on consumption • Clearly label all data and note the date of collection and preparation and the person responsible www.engine-sme.eu • Establish a baseline against which figures can be compared
EXAMPLE Data preparation The following table presents an example of such a data preparation. The conversion table was explained in the previous sub module. 2005 2006 2007 Electricity 703 MWh 743 MWh 858 MWh Natural gas 768 842 m 3 834 985 m 3 883 612 m 3 2005 2006 2007 Electricity 703 MWh 743 MWh 858 MWh Natural gas 7.304 MWh 7.932 MWh 8.394 MWh www.engine-sme.eu Total 8.007 MWh 8.675 MWh 9.252 MWh
Page 1 and 2: Training c
Page 3 and 4: Overview Energy Data Typical consum
Page 5 and 6: Characteristics Energy intense indu
Page 7 and 8: Euro per GJ Energy price trends -GA
Page 9 and 10: Contents of EN 16001 … standard f
Page 11 and 12: Energy Policy www.engine-sme.eu
Page 13 and 14: Formalised approach 1. Discuss the
Page 15 and 16: 2/10. Clarify the process At an ear
Page 17 and 18: 4/10. Inviting staff to participate
Page 19 and 20: 6/10. Energy Policy - content • C
Page 21 and 22: Example Energy Policy SCA HYGIENE P
Page 23 and 24: 8/10. Final Energy Policy The proje
Page 25 and 26: 10/10. Updating the policy The ener
Page 27 and 28: The initial review The goal of the
Page 29 and 30: Step by step process The initial re
Page 31 and 32: Define operating conditions The eff
Page 33 and 34: Human factors Beside the technical
Page 35 and 36: Data source: Invoices Invoices pres
Page 37 and 38: Calculating data - options • To i
Page 39 and 40: Data source: Measurements The first
Page 41: Meter requirements • Make sure th
Page 45 and 46: EXAMPLE Absolute and relative indic
Page 47 and 48: Input-Output analysis Input Output
Page 49 and 50: Flow chart With the data collected
Page 51 and 52: Analysis and interpretation Current
Page 53 and 54: Legal Obligations www.engine-sme.eu
Page 55 and 56: Legal obligations STEPS 1. Decide w
Page 57 and 58: Energy Programme www.engine-sme.eu
Page 59 and 60: Establish the procedure Within the
Page 61 and 62: Gathering proposals There are 2 use
Page 63 and 64: Improvement proposals on site Staff
Page 65 and 66: Cost Benefit Diagram Field A has th
Page 67 and 68: Scoring system Another efficient pr
Page 69 and 70: Scoring system 3. Assessment - Each
Page 71 and 72: Financial assessment 1. Static inve
Page 73 and 74: Static methods The costs of an inve
Page 75 and 76: Implementation of proposals In prac
Page 77 and 78: Identification of savings Apportion
Page 79 and 80: The Energy Programme If tasks are v
Page 81 and 82: Resources, Roles and Responsibiliti
Page 83 and 84: Energy Manager & Energy Team The to
Page 85 and 86: The Energy Team Members of the ener
Page 87 and 88: Resources • timetable • budget
Page 89 and 90: Awareness raising In the area of in
Page 91 and 92: Top management Top management must
Page 93 and 94:
Provide necessary information The i
Page 95 and 96:
Data, indicators and performance
Page 97 and 98:
Possibilities to reduce losses Gene
Page 99 and 100:
Awareness raising Awareness is the
Page 101 and 102:
Staff participation - Check 1. What
Page 103 and 104:
Communication Data about the Energy
Page 105 and 106:
Methods 1. Indicators 2. Informatio
Page 107 and 108:
Information in text form In 2003 th
Page 109 and 110:
Information in graphs MWh 10000 800
Page 111 and 112:
The communication network For each
Page 113 and 114:
Structure of an Energy report Execu
Page 115 and 116:
EM System documentation The primary
Page 117 and 118:
Document control • Date stamped (
Page 119 and 120:
4.4.5 Control of documents 1. Docum
Page 121 and 122:
Operational control As a rule of th
Page 123 and 124:
Energy Monitoring www.engine-sme.eu
Page 125 and 126:
... gives information Before energy
Page 127 and 128:
Core areas When setting up an energ
Page 129 and 130:
Results An energy monitoring asks f
Page 131 and 132:
Electricity Company Energy monitori
Page 133 and 134:
Natural gas In some countries, e.g.
Page 135 and 136:
Results 1: Energy consumption Energ
Page 137 and 138:
Results 3: Average energy costs Ene
Page 139 and 140:
Evaluation of Compliance www.engine
Page 141 and 142:
Register of compliance Relevant act
Page 143 and 144:
Nonconformity, corrective and preve
Page 145 and 146:
Control of Records www.engine-sme.e
Page 147 and 148:
Records needed • Training
Page 149 and 150:
Document control • Revision Dates
Page 151 and 152:
General requirements for all record
Page 153 and 154:
Internal Audit www.engine-sme.eu
Page 155 and 156:
Areas to cover within an audit The
Page 157 and 158:
2. Energy data • Data is classifi
Page 159 and 160:
4. Energy team • In larger organi
Page 161 and 162:
6. Energy programme • The improve
Page 163 and 164:
8. Legal obligations • There is a
Page 165 and 166:
10. Energy intensive areas • Ener
Page 167 and 168:
12. Maintenance • Energy intensiv
Page 169 and 170:
14. Training • T
Page 171 and 172:
16. EM System documentation • The
Page 173 and 174:
The audit team • The members of t
Page 175 and 176:
EXAMPLE Audit Overview Office Produ
Page 177 and 178:
Audit procedure 1. The Audit team m
Page 179 and 180:
Review by top management Top manage
Page 181 and 182:
Compressed Air www.engine-sme.eu
Page 183 and 184:
Checking the efficiency Since poor
Page 185 and 186:
Analysis & calculation - 12 steps T
Page 187 and 188:
Step 2: Measure the consumption of
Page 189 and 190:
Step 4: Compare the specific energy
Page 191 and 192:
Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
Page 193 and 194:
Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
Page 195 and 196:
EXAMPLE - Calculating losses from l
Page 197 and 198:
Step 6: Calculating the effective p
Page 199 and 200:
Step 7: Calculate pressure in distr
Page 201 and 202:
Step 8: Loss of pressure through sy
Page 203 and 204:
Step 10: Decrease of efficiency thr
Page 205 and 206:
Step 12: Choosing the off-load/ on-
Page 207 and 208:
EXAMPLE - track the efficiency . da
Page 209 and 210:
EXAMPLE - wast heat: track the effi
Page 211 and 212:
Electric Motors www.engine-sme.eu
Page 213 and 214:
Life-time facts • Almost half of
Page 215 and 216:
Main components The following compo
Page 217 and 218:
Losses in a motor system The main p
Page 219 and 220:
Motor applications The following ap
Page 221 and 222:
1. Switch it off The simplest metho
Page 223 and 224:
Permitted starts/hour 1. Switch it
Page 225 and 226:
2. Reducing motor load There is lit
Page 227 and 228:
4. Use motor control systems Variab
Page 229 and 230:
6. Reconnect to STAR ‘STAR’ con
Page 231 and 232:
7. Motor sizing It has been enginee
Page 233 and 234:
Calculating the energy consumption
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
EXAMPLE Calculating annual costs Mo
Page 241 and 242:
Example: Comparing investment and r
Page 243 and 244:
EXAMPLE Comparing HEF and normal mo
Page 245 and 246:
Heating systems This module focuses
Page 247 and 248:
Losses in a heating system As a rul
Page 249 and 250:
Heat source and boiler • Oil boil
Page 251 and 252:
Tube systems Heat in the form of ho
Page 253 and 254:
Controls Controls allow you to regu
Page 255 and 256:
Fuels Today fossil fuels such as oi
Page 257 and 258:
Calculating running costs for heati
Page 259 and 260:
Step 1: Identify heated area Identi
Page 261 and 262:
Step 3: Develop an indicator All yo
Page 263 and 264:
Reducing energy consumption Reducin
Page 265 and 266:
B. Energy optimisation with simple
Page 267 and 268:
Reduce room temperature at specifie
Page 269 and 270:
Decrease heat losses through window
Page 271 and 272:
Reduce boiler temperatures Hot wate
Page 273 and 274:
Adjust preflux temperatures correct
Page 275 and 276:
Adjust thermostat valves Make sure
Page 277 and 278:
Check frost detection devices Check
Page 279 and 280:
Hydraulic regulation of the heating
Page 281 and 282:
Losses caused by emitted heat in ex
Page 283 and 284:
Distribution losses During operatio
Page 285 and 286:
Humidity and its influence on comfo
Page 287 and 288:
Reduce costs by changing fuels and
Page 289 and 290:
Lighting www.engine-sme.eu
Page 291 and 292:
Lighting facts Lighting can be a bi
Page 293 and 294:
a. Single rooms The lighting system
Page 295 and 296:
c. Direct and indirect lighting Dir
Page 297 and 298:
Light yield lm/W Life time hour Pur
Page 299 and 300:
Requirements for illumination Illum
Page 301 and 302:
Evenness of lighting Type of work E
Page 303 and 304:
Evaluating costs for lighting It is
Page 305 and 306:
Step 2 - Identify annual operating
Page 307 and 308:
Making energy savings 1. First, foc
Page 309 and 310:
Use of daylight Staff sometimes for
Page 311 and 312:
Reduce lighting level Daylight cont
Page 313 and 314:
Interiors and colours When decorati
Page 315 and 316:
Use control systems Control systems
Page 317 and 318:
Ventilation systems This module wil
Page 319 and 320:
Background information Traditionall
Page 321 and 322:
Background information There are di
Page 323 and 324:
Natural ventilation There are many
Page 325 and 326:
Ventilation rates The quantity of v
Page 327 and 328:
Facts The amount of energy consumed
Page 329 and 330:
Components A ventilation system con
Page 331 and 332:
Efficiency of fans Fan connections
Page 333 and 334:
Specific Fan Power There are now st
Page 335 and 336:
Air-cleaning and filtration systems
Page 337 and 338:
Electric heating batteries An elect
Page 339 and 340:
Heat recovery systems In a ventilat
Page 341 and 342:
Control systems Ideally, buildings
Page 343 and 344:
Evaluating the energy consumption E
Page 345 and 346:
Evaluating the energy consumption A
Page 347 and 348:
Example - energy consumption B. Bas
Page 349 and 350:
Making energy savings The energy us
Page 351 and 352:
Example Ventilation rates Office bu
Page 353 and 354:
Example Ventilation rates Office bu
Page 355 and 356:
Energy savings - 4. Use of control
Page 357:
Summary Industrial ventilation gene
show all

Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?