Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

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Fans Fans are used in ventilating units to transport the air from various air intakes through the duct system to the room which is to be ventilated. Every fan must overcome the resistance created by having to force the air through ducts, bends and other ventilation equipment. The resistance causes a fall in pressure, and the size of this fall is a decisive factor when choosing the dimensions of each individual fan. Fans can be divided into a number of main groups determined by the impeller’s shape and its operating principle: • Radial fans • Axial fans www.engine-sme.eu
Efficiency of fans Fan connections to the inlet and outlet must be designed in a specific way to avoid losses. As a rule of thumb it can be said that the • duct diameter on the inlet side must have the same size as the inlet • duct diameter on the pressure side (outlet) must be 3 times larger than on the inlet. www.engine-sme.eu
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Training c
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Overview Energy Data Typical consum
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Characteristics Energy intense indu
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Euro per GJ Energy price trends -GA
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Contents of EN 16001 … standard f
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Energy Policy www.engine-sme.eu
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Formalised approach 1. Discuss the
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2/10. Clarify the process At an ear
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4/10. Inviting staff to participate
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6/10. Energy Policy - content • C
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Example Energy Policy SCA HYGIENE P
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8/10. Final Energy Policy The proje
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10/10. Updating the policy The ener
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The initial review The goal of the
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Step by step process The initial re
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Define operating conditions The eff
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Human factors Beside the technical
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Data source: Invoices Invoices pres
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Calculating data - options • To i
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Data source: Measurements The first
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Meter requirements • Make sure th
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EXAMPLE Data preparation The follow
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EXAMPLE Absolute and relative indic
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Input-Output analysis Input Output
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Flow chart With the data collected
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Analysis and interpretation Current
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Legal Obligations www.engine-sme.eu
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Legal obligations STEPS 1. Decide w
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Energy Programme www.engine-sme.eu
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Establish the procedure Within the
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Gathering proposals There are 2 use
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Improvement proposals on site Staff
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Cost Benefit Diagram Field A has th
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Scoring system Another efficient pr
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Scoring system 3. Assessment - Each
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Financial assessment 1. Static inve
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Static methods The costs of an inve
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Implementation of proposals In prac
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Identification of savings Apportion
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The Energy Programme If tasks are v
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Resources, Roles and Responsibiliti
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Energy Manager & Energy Team The to
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The Energy Team Members of the ener
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Resources • timetable • budget
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Awareness raising In the area of in
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Top management Top management must
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Provide necessary information The i
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Data, indicators and performance
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Possibilities to reduce losses Gene
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Awareness raising Awareness is the
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Staff participation - Check 1. What
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Communication Data about the Energy
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Methods 1. Indicators 2. Informatio
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Information in text form In 2003 th
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Information in graphs MWh 10000 800
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The communication network For each
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Structure of an Energy report Execu
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EM System documentation The primary
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Document control • Date stamped (
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4.4.5 Control of documents 1. Docum
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Operational control As a rule of th
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Energy Monitoring www.engine-sme.eu
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... gives information Before energy
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Core areas When setting up an energ
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Results An energy monitoring asks f
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Electricity Company Energy monitori
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Natural gas In some countries, e.g.
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Results 1: Energy consumption Energ
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Results 3: Average energy costs Ene
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Evaluation of Compliance www.engine
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Register of compliance Relevant act
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Nonconformity, corrective and preve
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Control of Records www.engine-sme.e
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Records needed • Training
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Document control • Revision Dates
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General requirements for all record
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Internal Audit www.engine-sme.eu
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Areas to cover within an audit The
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2. Energy data • Data is classifi
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4. Energy team • In larger organi
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6. Energy programme • The improve
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8. Legal obligations • There is a
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10. Energy intensive areas • Ener
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12. Maintenance • Energy intensiv
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14. Training • T
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16. EM System documentation • The
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The audit team • The members of t
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EXAMPLE Audit Overview Office Produ
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Audit procedure 1. The Audit team m
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Review by top management Top manage
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Compressed Air www.engine-sme.eu
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Checking the efficiency Since poor
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Analysis & calculation - 12 steps T
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Step 2: Measure the consumption of
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Step 4: Compare the specific energy
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Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
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Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
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EXAMPLE - Calculating losses from l
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Step 6: Calculating the effective p
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Step 7: Calculate pressure in distr
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Step 8: Loss of pressure through sy
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Step 10: Decrease of efficiency thr
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Step 12: Choosing the off-load/ on-
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EXAMPLE - track the efficiency . da
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EXAMPLE - wast heat: track the effi
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Electric Motors www.engine-sme.eu
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Life-time facts • Almost half of
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Main components The following compo
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Losses in a motor system The main p
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Motor applications The following ap
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1. Switch it off The simplest metho
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Permitted starts/hour 1. Switch it
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2. Reducing motor load There is lit
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4. Use motor control systems Variab
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6. Reconnect to STAR ‘STAR’ con
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7. Motor sizing It has been enginee
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Calculating the energy consumption
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EXAMPLE Calculating annual costs Mo
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Example: Comparing investment and r
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EXAMPLE Comparing HEF and normal mo
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Heating systems This module focuses
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Losses in a heating system As a rul
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Heat source and boiler • Oil boil
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Tube systems Heat in the form of ho
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Controls Controls allow you to regu
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Fuels Today fossil fuels such as oi
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Calculating running costs for heati
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Step 1: Identify heated area Identi
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Step 3: Develop an indicator All yo
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Reducing energy consumption Reducin
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B. Energy optimisation with simple
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Reduce room temperature at specifie
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Decrease heat losses through window
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Reduce boiler temperatures Hot wate
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Adjust preflux temperatures correct
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Adjust thermostat valves Make sure
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Check frost detection devices Check
Page 279 and 280: Hydraulic regulation of the heating
Page 281 and 282: Losses caused by emitted heat in ex
Page 283 and 284: Distribution losses During operatio
Page 285 and 286: Humidity and its influence on comfo
Page 287 and 288: Reduce costs by changing fuels and
Page 289 and 290: Lighting www.engine-sme.eu
Page 291 and 292: Lighting facts Lighting can be a bi
Page 293 and 294: a. Single rooms The lighting system
Page 295 and 296: c. Direct and indirect lighting Dir
Page 297 and 298: Light yield lm/W Life time hour Pur
Page 299 and 300: Requirements for illumination Illum
Page 301 and 302: Evenness of lighting Type of work E
Page 303 and 304: Evaluating costs for lighting It is
Page 305 and 306: Step 2 - Identify annual operating
Page 307 and 308: Making energy savings 1. First, foc
Page 309 and 310: Use of daylight Staff sometimes for
Page 311 and 312: Reduce lighting level Daylight cont
Page 313 and 314: Interiors and colours When decorati
Page 315 and 316: Use control systems Control systems
Page 317 and 318: Ventilation systems This module wil
Page 319 and 320: Background information Traditionall
Page 321 and 322: Background information There are di
Page 323 and 324: Natural ventilation There are many
Page 325 and 326: Ventilation rates The quantity of v
Page 327 and 328: Facts The amount of energy consumed
Page 329: Components A ventilation system con
Page 333 and 334: Specific Fan Power There are now st
Page 335 and 336: Air-cleaning and filtration systems
Page 337 and 338: Electric heating batteries An elect
Page 339 and 340: Heat recovery systems In a ventilat
Page 341 and 342: Control systems Ideally, buildings
Page 343 and 344: Evaluating the energy consumption E
Page 345 and 346: Evaluating the energy consumption A
Page 347 and 348: Example - energy consumption B. Bas
Page 349 and 350: Making energy savings The energy us
Page 351 and 352: Example Ventilation rates Office bu
Page 353 and 354: Example Ventilation rates Office bu
Page 355 and 356: Energy savings - 4. Use of control
Page 357: Summary Industrial ventilation gene
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Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

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