Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Cooling Particularly in large commercial office buildings, high heat loads are developed through lighting, computing and other electrical sources. Further heat gains are derived from occupants, solar radiation and high outdoor temperatures. These factors make cooling of the indoor air essential. The choice is either to introduce mechanical cooling or to introduce ventilation cooling. In either case heat gains should be minimised by good building design and reduced power consumption. Mechanical cooling is energy intensive and contributes to peak power loads. When mechanical cooling is needed, ventilation must be minimised to prevent the unnecessary loss of conditioned air. www.engine-sme.eu
Summary Industrial ventilation generally involves the use of supply and exhaust ventilation to control • emissions, • exposure and • chemical hazards in the workplace Energy is used for two main purpose. To heat the supply air and to transport the air in and out of the building. There are many parts of the ventilation system where losses occur. The first step in performance optimisation should be the analysis of the process to determine the heat load and power to fans in its magnitude, duration and variability by hours and season. Surprisingly this step alone leads to significant energy savings. www.engine-sme.eu
Page 1 and 2:
Training c
Page 3 and 4:
Overview Energy Data Typical consum
Page 5 and 6:
Characteristics Energy intense indu
Page 7 and 8:
Euro per GJ Energy price trends -GA
Page 9 and 10:
Contents of EN 16001 … standard f
Page 11 and 12:
Energy Policy www.engine-sme.eu
Page 13 and 14:
Formalised approach 1. Discuss the
Page 15 and 16:
2/10. Clarify the process At an ear
Page 17 and 18:
4/10. Inviting staff to participate
Page 19 and 20:
6/10. Energy Policy - content • C
Page 21 and 22:
Example Energy Policy SCA HYGIENE P
Page 23 and 24:
8/10. Final Energy Policy The proje
Page 25 and 26:
10/10. Updating the policy The ener
Page 27 and 28:
The initial review The goal of the
Page 29 and 30:
Step by step process The initial re
Page 31 and 32:
Define operating conditions The eff
Page 33 and 34:
Human factors Beside the technical
Page 35 and 36:
Data source: Invoices Invoices pres
Page 37 and 38:
Calculating data - options • To i
Page 39 and 40:
Data source: Measurements The first
Page 41 and 42:
Meter requirements • Make sure th
Page 43 and 44:
EXAMPLE Data preparation The follow
Page 45 and 46:
EXAMPLE Absolute and relative indic
Page 47 and 48:
Input-Output analysis Input Output
Page 49 and 50:
Flow chart With the data collected
Page 51 and 52:
Analysis and interpretation Current
Page 53 and 54:
Legal Obligations www.engine-sme.eu
Page 55 and 56:
Legal obligations STEPS 1. Decide w
Page 57 and 58:
Energy Programme www.engine-sme.eu
Page 59 and 60:
Establish the procedure Within the
Page 61 and 62:
Gathering proposals There are 2 use
Page 63 and 64:
Improvement proposals on site Staff
Page 65 and 66:
Cost Benefit Diagram Field A has th
Page 67 and 68:
Scoring system Another efficient pr
Page 69 and 70:
Scoring system 3. Assessment - Each
Page 71 and 72:
Financial assessment 1. Static inve
Page 73 and 74:
Static methods The costs of an inve
Page 75 and 76:
Implementation of proposals In prac
Page 77 and 78:
Identification of savings Apportion
Page 79 and 80:
The Energy Programme If tasks are v
Page 81 and 82:
Resources, Roles and Responsibiliti
Page 83 and 84:
Energy Manager & Energy Team The to
Page 85 and 86:
The Energy Team Members of the ener
Page 87 and 88:
Resources • timetable • budget
Page 89 and 90:
Awareness raising In the area of in
Page 91 and 92:
Top management Top management must
Page 93 and 94:
Provide necessary information The i
Page 95 and 96:
Data, indicators and performance
Page 97 and 98:
Possibilities to reduce losses Gene
Page 99 and 100:
Awareness raising Awareness is the
Page 101 and 102:
Staff participation - Check 1. What
Page 103 and 104:
Communication Data about the Energy
Page 105 and 106:
Methods 1. Indicators 2. Informatio
Page 107 and 108:
Information in text form In 2003 th
Page 109 and 110:
Information in graphs MWh 10000 800
Page 111 and 112:
The communication network For each
Page 113 and 114:
Structure of an Energy report Execu
Page 115 and 116:
EM System documentation The primary
Page 117 and 118:
Document control • Date stamped (
Page 119 and 120:
4.4.5 Control of documents 1. Docum
Page 121 and 122:
Operational control As a rule of th
Page 123 and 124:
Energy Monitoring www.engine-sme.eu
Page 125 and 126:
... gives information Before energy
Page 127 and 128:
Core areas When setting up an energ
Page 129 and 130:
Results An energy monitoring asks f
Page 131 and 132:
Electricity Company Energy monitori
Page 133 and 134:
Natural gas In some countries, e.g.
Page 135 and 136:
Results 1: Energy consumption Energ
Page 137 and 138:
Results 3: Average energy costs Ene
Page 139 and 140:
Evaluation of Compliance www.engine
Page 141 and 142:
Register of compliance Relevant act
Page 143 and 144:
Nonconformity, corrective and preve
Page 145 and 146:
Control of Records www.engine-sme.e
Page 147 and 148:
Records needed • Training
Page 149 and 150:
Document control • Revision Dates
Page 151 and 152:
General requirements for all record
Page 153 and 154:
Internal Audit www.engine-sme.eu
Page 155 and 156:
Areas to cover within an audit The
Page 157 and 158:
2. Energy data • Data is classifi
Page 159 and 160:
4. Energy team • In larger organi
Page 161 and 162:
6. Energy programme • The improve
Page 163 and 164:
8. Legal obligations • There is a
Page 165 and 166:
10. Energy intensive areas • Ener
Page 167 and 168:
12. Maintenance • Energy intensiv
Page 169 and 170:
14. Training • T
Page 171 and 172:
16. EM System documentation • The
Page 173 and 174:
The audit team • The members of t
Page 175 and 176:
EXAMPLE Audit Overview Office Produ
Page 177 and 178:
Audit procedure 1. The Audit team m
Page 179 and 180:
Review by top management Top manage
Page 181 and 182:
Compressed Air www.engine-sme.eu
Page 183 and 184:
Checking the efficiency Since poor
Page 185 and 186:
Analysis & calculation - 12 steps T
Page 187 and 188:
Step 2: Measure the consumption of
Page 189 and 190:
Step 4: Compare the specific energy
Page 191 and 192:
Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
Page 193 and 194:
Step 5: Calculating losses from lea
Page 195 and 196:
EXAMPLE - Calculating losses from l
Page 197 and 198:
Step 6: Calculating the effective p
Page 199 and 200:
Step 7: Calculate pressure in distr
Page 201 and 202:
Step 8: Loss of pressure through sy
Page 203 and 204:
Step 10: Decrease of efficiency thr
Page 205 and 206:
Step 12: Choosing the off-load/ on-
Page 207 and 208:
EXAMPLE - track the efficiency . da
Page 209 and 210:
EXAMPLE - wast heat: track the effi
Page 211 and 212:
Electric Motors www.engine-sme.eu
Page 213 and 214:
Life-time facts • Almost half of
Page 215 and 216:
Main components The following compo
Page 217 and 218:
Losses in a motor system The main p
Page 219 and 220:
Motor applications The following ap
Page 221 and 222:
1. Switch it off The simplest metho
Page 223 and 224:
Permitted starts/hour 1. Switch it
Page 225 and 226:
2. Reducing motor load There is lit
Page 227 and 228:
4. Use motor control systems Variab
Page 229 and 230:
6. Reconnect to STAR ‘STAR’ con
Page 231 and 232:
7. Motor sizing It has been enginee
Page 233 and 234:
Calculating the energy consumption
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
EXAMPLE Calculating annual costs Mo
Page 241 and 242:
Example: Comparing investment and r
Page 243 and 244:
EXAMPLE Comparing HEF and normal mo
Page 245 and 246:
Heating systems This module focuses
Page 247 and 248:
Losses in a heating system As a rul
Page 249 and 250:
Heat source and boiler • Oil boil
Page 251 and 252:
Tube systems Heat in the form of ho
Page 253 and 254:
Controls Controls allow you to regu
Page 255 and 256:
Fuels Today fossil fuels such as oi
Page 257 and 258:
Calculating running costs for heati
Page 259 and 260:
Step 1: Identify heated area Identi
Page 261 and 262:
Step 3: Develop an indicator All yo
Page 263 and 264:
Reducing energy consumption Reducin
Page 265 and 266:
B. Energy optimisation with simple
Page 267 and 268:
Reduce room temperature at specifie
Page 269 and 270:
Decrease heat losses through window
Page 271 and 272:
Reduce boiler temperatures Hot wate
Page 273 and 274:
Adjust preflux temperatures correct
Page 275 and 276:
Adjust thermostat valves Make sure
Page 277 and 278:
Check frost detection devices Check
Page 279 and 280:
Hydraulic regulation of the heating
Page 281 and 282:
Losses caused by emitted heat in ex
Page 283 and 284:
Distribution losses During operatio
Page 285 and 286:
Humidity and its influence on comfo
Page 287 and 288:
Reduce costs by changing fuels and
Page 289 and 290:
Lighting www.engine-sme.eu
Page 291 and 292:
Lighting facts Lighting can be a bi
Page 293 and 294:
a. Single rooms The lighting system
Page 295 and 296:
c. Direct and indirect lighting Dir
Page 297 and 298:
Light yield lm/W Life time hour Pur
Page 299 and 300:
Requirements for illumination Illum
Page 301 and 302:
Evenness of lighting Type of work E
Page 303 and 304:
Evaluating costs for lighting It is
Page 305 and 306: Step 2 - Identify annual operating
Page 307 and 308: Making energy savings 1. First, foc
Page 309 and 310: Use of daylight Staff sometimes for
Page 311 and 312: Reduce lighting level Daylight cont
Page 313 and 314: Interiors and colours When decorati
Page 315 and 316: Use control systems Control systems
Page 317 and 318: Ventilation systems This module wil
Page 319 and 320: Background information Traditionall
Page 321 and 322: Background information There are di
Page 323 and 324: Natural ventilation There are many
Page 325 and 326: Ventilation rates The quantity of v
Page 327 and 328: Facts The amount of energy consumed
Page 329 and 330: Components A ventilation system con
Page 331 and 332: Efficiency of fans Fan connections
Page 333 and 334: Specific Fan Power There are now st
Page 335 and 336: Air-cleaning and filtration systems
Page 337 and 338: Electric heating batteries An elect
Page 339 and 340: Heat recovery systems In a ventilat
Page 341 and 342: Control systems Ideally, buildings
Page 343 and 344: Evaluating the energy consumption E
Page 345 and 346: Evaluating the energy consumption A
Page 347 and 348: Example - energy consumption B. Bas
Page 349 and 350: Making energy savings The energy us
Page 351 and 352: Example Ventilation rates Office bu
Page 353 and 354: Example Ventilation rates Office bu
Page 355: Energy savings - 4. Use of control
show all

Training course on energy efficiency in SMEs - engine-sme.eu

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?