Institutional Mechanisms for REDD+ - Case Studies Working Paper

million hectares have been allocated for conversion to plantations, mining, and other uses, while 22 million
hectares are currently under ―active‖ logging concessions (Elson, 2011).
Although estimates vary, a frequently cited figure from Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
places nearly 50 million Indonesians in and around forests, of which 6 million receive a significant portion of
their cash income from forest resources. 152 An even larger number directly rely on forest products and
ecosystem services to sustain their livelihoods. The tenure rights of these forest-dependent and indigenous
communities have generally not been legally recognized by the government, despite the existence of legal
mechanisms to do so. As a result, communities have come into direct conflict with logging and plantation
companies that have been awarded concessions by the government, which typically offer minimal
compensation.
FIGURE 5.1: MAP OF INDONESIA AND LOCATIONS VISITED FOR INTERVIEWS
5.1.1 THE RISE OF REDD+
Indonesia‘s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are among the highest of any country in the world, with 1.12
gigatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions reported in 2005 (Ministry of Environment, 2010). In
2010, the Government of Indonesia ambitiously pledged to reduce its GHG emissions by 26 percent by 2020
using domestic resources, or by 41 percent if international assistance is provided. REDD+ is expected to
feature centrally in Indonesia‘ emerging GHG mitigation plans, since land use change and forestry account
for over two-thirds of its emissions profile.
Indonesia has been an early actor and global leader in developing a national architecture for participating in a
global REDD+ mechanism. Indonesia is involved in all three major multilateral REDD+ programs: the
World Bank‘s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), the United National Programme on REDD+ (UN-
152 Presentation by Martua Sirait. ―Strengthening Forest Management in Indonesia through Land Tenure Reform.‖ Presented on 11 July 2011 at the
International Conference on Forest Tenure, Governance, and Enterprise in Lombok, Indonesia.
http://www.rightsandresources.org/documents/files/doc_2544.pdf.
PRRGP INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR REDD: CASE STUDIES – WORKING PAPER 91