Institutional Mechanisms for REDD+ - Case Studies Working Paper

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Type of organization Organization name Contacts interviewed & Title International NGOs CARE/Tanzania Paul Baker, Director, CARE, 16 May, Monday and George Mkoma, CARE, micro-finance coordinator CARE/Zanzibar Raja Jarrah, CARE Climate Change Advisor and REDD+ point person; Amour B. Omar, Program Coordinator/Team leader-Zanzibar; Soud Mohammed Jumah, Monitoring and Evaluation and Learning Officer, HIMA; Fatima Ali Khamis, Community Forests and Institutional Strengthening Officer, HIMA; and Ali M. Hilal, Leakage Control and Enterprises Development Officer, HIMA WWF Dr. Mwakalila, REDD; Peter Sumbi, Forest Programme Officer; Adam Kiduzi. Forest Programme Officer; and Dr. H. Sosovele, CBNRM Policy Program Coordinator African Wildlife Foundation Andrea Athanas, Senior Program Design Officer and (AWF) Thadeus Binamungu, Senior Program Officer Honey Guide Foundation Damian Bell Experts Independent Consultant Prof. Adolfo Mascarenhas Private firms Manyara Ranch Clive Jones, former manager Carbon Tanzania Doug Baker 70 PRRGP INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR REDD: CASE STUDIES – WORKING PAPER
4.0 NEPAL 4.1 INTRODUCTION Nepal is still emerging from a prolonged period of political instability and civil war. In 2008, a constituent assembly was elected to draft a new constitution by May, 2010. To date, the constitution has not been completed and remains a significant source of political, legal, and institutional uncertainty. The people of Nepal represent diverse ethnic groups, religions, and languages. Approximately 80 percent of the population is rural (CIA, 2011) and are highly dependent upon forest and agricultural land uses. Recent and accurate information on forest cover in Nepal is lacking. The most recent national forest inventory (1999) documented approximately 5.8 million hectares of forest, or roughly 40 percent of the total land area. This 5.8 million hectares of forest included approximately 1.5 million hectares of shrub-land and 4.3 million hectares of dense forest. Current forest cover is likely much lower than these figures given high estimated rates of deforestation and degradation over recent years. The Global Forest Resources Assessment (2010) estimated that forest area decreased by 1.7 percent per annum between 1979 and 1994 (FAO, 2009). Data from the Central Bureau Statistics of Nepal (2008) provides an annual deforestation rate of 2.7 percent between 1992 and 2002 (Government of Nepal, 2010). Nepal can be divided into three main physiographic regions: (1) high mountains; (2) middle hills; and (3) the Terai and Siwaliks (Government of Nepal, 2010). In the 1950s, all private forest lands in Nepal were brought under state ownership. However, starting in the 1980s, forest management rights were handed over to thousands of communities in the middle hills region. Community-managed forests now account for roughly one-quarter of Nepal‘s forest area. This shift is widely believed to be responsible for the reversal of deforestation trends in the middle hills region during the 1990s (Acharya et.al., 2009). In the Terai region, the vast majority of forests remain officially government managed and deforestation rates are high. The drivers of deforestation and degradation are associated with lack of clarity in the land tenure system and weak governance. Many government managed forests are treated as a de facto open access resource, falling victim to unplanned settlements, illegal logging, wood fuel harvesting, and agricultural encroachment. Finally, little is known about the status of forest resources in the high mountains, other than the prevalence of illegal logging to export timber into Tibet. 4.2 OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL REDD+ STRATEGIES FOR BENEFIT SHARING In 2009, Nepal‘s Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation (MoFSC) initiated planning exercises and stakeholder consultations to develop an R-PP for the World Bank‘s Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF). A multi-stakeholder institutional mechanism (see Figure 4.2) was established to manage the development and implementation of the R-PP, which was released in its final version in November, 2010. The R-PP outlines a roadmap of activities that Nepal will undertake between 2010 and 2013 (i.e., the ―readiness‖ phase) to prepare itself for REDD+ implementation at a national scale. These activities include, among other things, developing a national REDD+ strategy and preparing the institutional and legal frameworks necessary to implement the strategy. Nepal has received $3.6 million US from the FCPF to implement these activities. In addition, Nepal has received pledges of bilateral support totaling over $20 million from governments such as Switzerland, Finland, Japan, and the United States. 127 127 Nepal page of the voluntary REDD+ database. Accessed 15 August 2011. Online at: http://reddplusdatabase.org/entities/284. PRRGP INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR REDD: CASE STUDIES – WORKING PAPER 71
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PROPERTY RIGHTS AND RESOURCE GOVERN
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PROPERTY RIGHTS AND RESOURCE GOVERN
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3.0 TANZANIA ......................
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ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AA Autho
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IUPHHK Timber Resources Utilization
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PREFACE The Institutional Mechanism
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3. Increasing experience in Payment
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BOX 1.1: COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION AND
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� Risk of deforestation; � Prop
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Priority Ecosystems (INEGI classifi
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Overview of key institutions and ac
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It appears that this project is rel
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deliberate, and continuous outreach
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� Additional reforestation: Befor
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elected as assistants to members of
Page 32 and 33: MEXICO CASE STUDY APPENDIX 1.1: LIS
Page 34 and 35: Today, the DRC is the most-advanced
Page 36 and 37: 2.2.1 WHAT ARE THE FORMS OF REDD+ B
Page 38 and 39: to be harmonized with the 2006 Cons
Page 40 and 41: FIGURE 2.3: TENTATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR
Page 42 and 43: herbaceous or shrubby savanna that
Page 44 and 45: comprised of the 18 clan chiefs wit
Page 46 and 47: NOVACEL staff and supporters is tha
Page 48 and 49: 2.4.2 FUNDING SOURCES As mentioned
Page 50 and 51: These institutions are in essence p
Page 52 and 53: The institutional model for social
Page 54 and 55: In the case of logging concessions,
Page 56 and 57: DRC CASE STUDY APPENDIX 2.1: LIST O
Page 58 and 59: sharing. First, consultations with
Page 60 and 61: emissions). There is also the quest
Page 62 and 63: the village would earn less through
Page 64 and 65: 3.3.2 FUNDING SOURCES Revenues star
Page 66 and 67: village went from earning $50,000 U
Page 68 and 69: hunting quotas set too high by the
Page 70 and 71: Suledo Forest lies in the Kiteto Di
Page 72 and 73: The ZEC aims to acquire rights to m
Page 74 and 75: 3.4.7 EVALUATION OF PAST PERFORMANC
Page 76 and 77: 3.5 GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMME
Page 78 and 79: incentives for populations to engag
Page 80 and 81: � The size and composition of agg
Page 84 and 85: FIGURE 4.1 MAP OF NEPAL AND LOCATIO
Page 86 and 87: improved tenure security, enhanced
Page 88 and 89: ―distant users‖). Presumably, t
Page 90 and 91: which are housed in the district of
Page 92 and 93: This demonstration project has been
Page 94 and 95: significant backlog of unapproved O
Page 96 and 97: Monitoring and Verification: A moni
Page 98 and 99: management. REDD+ simply provides a
Page 100 and 101: initially be directed towards a par
Page 102 and 103: 5.0 INDONESIA 5.1 COUNTRY CONTEXT S
Page 104 and 105: REDD), and the Forest Investment Pr
Page 106 and 107: FIGURE 5.3: THREE IMPLEMENTATION PH
Page 108 and 109: TABLE 5.1: BENEFIT DISTRIBUTION ACC
Page 110 and 111: Land user partnerships: A REDD+ pro
Page 112 and 113: � Learn lessons and build capacit
Page 114 and 115: identifies the owner and boundaries
Page 116 and 117: carried out by Yayasan Puter will f
Page 118 and 119: 5.4.2 FUNDING SOURCES The RUPES pro
Page 120 and 121: Monitoring and verification: HKm gr
Page 122 and 123: provided by Yayasan Puter was not e
Page 124 and 125: emission reductions. However, emerg
Page 126 and 127: REFERENCES Almeida, F. & Hatcher, J
Page 128 and 129: Graf, S. & Iglesias, L. 2010. Pago
Page 130 and 131: REDD+ Forestry and Climate Change C
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U.S. Agency for International Devel
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