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98 Corrosion Control Through Organic Coatings 19. Robinson, A.K., Sulfide vs. hydroxide precipitation of heavy metals from industrial wastewater, in Proc. First Annual Conference on Advanced Pollution Control for the Metal Finishing Industry, Report EPA-600/8-78-010, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, 1978, 59. 20. Means, J. et al., in Engineering Aspects of Metal-Waste Management, Iskandar, I.K. and Selim, H.M., Eds., Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, 1992, p. 199. 21. Mindess, S. and Young, J., Concrete, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, 1981. 22. Lieber, W., Influence of lead and zinc compounds on the hydration of portland cement, in Proc, 5th International Symposium on the Chemistry of Cements, Tokyo, 1968, Vol. 2, p. 444. 23. Thomas, N., Jameson, D., and Double, D., Cement Concrete Res., 11, 143, 1981. 24. Shively, W. et al., J. Water Pollut. Control Fed., 58, 234, 1986. 25. Bishop, P., Hazardous Waste Hazardous Mat., 5, 129, 1988. 26. Tashiro, C. et al., Cement Concrete Res., 7, 283, 1977. 27. Cartledge, F. et al., Environ. Science Technol., 24, 867, 1990. 28. Garner, A., Solidification/stabilization of contaminated spent blasting media in portland cement concretes and mortars, Master of Science thesis, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 1992. 29. Brabrand, D., Solidification/stabilization of spent blasting abrasives with portland cement for non-structural concrete purposes, Master of Science thesis, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 1992. 30. Webster, M. et al., Solidification/stabilization of used abrasive media for nonstructural concrete using portland cement, NTIS Nr. Pb96-111125 (FHWA/TX-95- 1315-2), U.S. Department of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, 1994. 31. Khosla, N. and Leming, M., Recycling of lead-contaminated blasting sand in construction materials, in Proc. SSPC Lead Paint Removal Symposium, Steel Structures Painting Council, Pittsburgh, PA, 1988. 32. Berke, N., Shen, D. and Sundberg, K., Comparison of the polarization resistance technique to the macrocell corrosion technique, in Corrosion Rates of Steel in Concrete, ASTM STP 1065, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1990, 38. 33. Sörensen, P., Vanytt, 1, 26, 1996. (In Swedish) 34. Final report, Feasibility and economics study of the treatment, recycling and disposal of spent abrasives, Project N1-93-1, NSRP # 0529, National Shipbuilding Research Program, ATI Corp., Charleston, SC, 1999. 35. Bjorgum, A., Behandling av avfall fra bläserensing. Del 3. Oppsummering av utredninger vedrorende behandling av avfall fra blåserensing, Report Nr. STF24 A95326, SINTEF, Trondheim, 1995. (In Norwegian) © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
6 Weathering and Aging of Paint This chapter presents a brief overview of the major mechanisms that cause aging, and subsequent failure, of organic coatings. Even the best organic coatings, properly applied to compatible substrates, eventually age when exposed to weather, losing their ability to protect the metal. In real-life environments, the aging process that leads to coating failure can generally be described as follows: 1. Weakening of the coating by significant amounts of bond breakage within the polymer matrix. Such bond breakage may be caused chemically (e.g., through hydrolysis reactions, oxidation, or free-radical reactions) or mechanically (e.g., through freeze–thaw cycling, which leads to alternating tensile and compressive stresses in the coating). 2. Overall barrier properties may be decreased as bonds are broken in the polymeric backbone — in other words, as transportation of water, oxygen, and ions through the coating increases. The polymeric network may be plasticized by absorbed water, which softens it and makes it more vulnerable to mechanical damages. The coating may begin to lose small, water-soluble components, causing further damage. Flaws such as microcracks develop or, if preexisting, are enlarged in the coating. 3. Even more transportation of water, oxygen, and ions through the coating. 4. Deterioration of coating-metal adhesion at this interface. 5. Development of an aqueous phase at the coating/metal interface. 6. Activation of the metal surface for the anodic and cathodic reactions. 7. Corrosion and delamination of the coating. Many factors can contribute in various degrees to coating degradation, such as: • Ultraviolet (UV) radiation • Water and moisture uptake • Elevated temperatures • Chemical damage (e.g., from pollutants) • Thermal changes • Molecular and singlet oxygen • Ozone • Abrasion or other mechanical stresses The major weathering stresses that cause degradation of organic coatings are the first four in the list above: UV radiation, moisture, heat, and chemical damage. And, © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 99
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Corrosion of Ceramic and Composite
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Published in 2006 by CRC Press Tayl
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Preface This book has been written
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Author Amy Forsgren received her ch
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Contents Chapter 1 Introduction ...
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