© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

2.2.5.3 Immersion Behavior ...........................................................24
2.2.5.4 Brittleness ...........................................................................24
2.2.5.5 Darkness Degradation.........................................................25
2.2.6 Chlorinated Rubber............................................................................25
2.2.6.1 Chemistry............................................................................25
2.2.6.2 Dehydrochlorination ...........................................................25
2.2.7 Other Binders .....................................................................................26
2.2.7.1 Epoxy Esters .......................................................................26
2.2.7.2 Silicon-Based Inorganic Zinc-Rich Coatings.....................26
2.3 Corrosion-Protective Pigments ......................................................................27
2.3.1 Types of Pigments..............................................................................27
2.3.1.1 A Note on Pigment Safety .................................................27
2.3.2 Lead-Based Paint ...............................................................................27
2.3.2.1 Mechanism on Clean (New) Steel .....................................28
2.3.2.2 Mechanism on Rusted Steel ...............................................28
2.3.2.3 Summary of Mechanism Studies .......................................30
2.3.2.4 Lead-Based Paint and Cathodic Potential..........................30
2.3.3 Phosphates..........................................................................................31
2.3.3.1 Zinc Phosphates..................................................................31
2.3.3.2 Types of Zinc Phosphates...................................................33
2.3.3.3 Accelerated Testing and Why Zinc Phosphates
Commonly Fail ...................................................................35
2.3.3.4 Aluminum Triphosphate .....................................................36
2.3.3.5 Other Phosphates ................................................................36
2.3.4 Ferrites................................................................................................37
2.3.5 Zinc Dust............................................................................................39
2.3.6 Chromates...........................................................................................40
2.3.6.1 Protection Mechanism .......................................................40
2.3.6.2 Types of Chromate Pigments .............................................40
2.3.6.3 Solubility Concerns ............................................................41
2.3.7 Other Inhibitive Pigments ..................................................................41
2.3.7.1 Calcium-Exchanged Silica..................................................41
2.3.7.2 Barium Metaborate .............................................................42
2.3.7.3 Molybdates..........................................................................42
2.3.7.4 Silicates...............................................................................43
2.3.8 Barrier Pigments ................................................................................44
2.3.8.1 Mechanism and General Information.................................44
2.3.8.2 Micaceous Iron Oxide ........................................................45
2.3.8.3 Other Nonmetallic Barrier Pigments..................................46
2.3.8.4 Metallic Barrier Pigments...................................................46
2.3.9 Choosing a Pigment...........................................................................47
2.4 Additives.........................................................................................................48
2.4.1 Flow and Dispersion Controllers.......................................................48
2.4.1.1 Thixotropic Agents .............................................................49
2.4.1.2 Surfactants...........................................................................49
2.4.1.3 Dispersing Agents...............................................................49
© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC