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world cancer report - iarc

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dence for the preventive effect of topical<br />

use of sunscreens [14].<br />

In respect of the efficacy of all sun protection<br />

behaviour, the high incidence of<br />

REFERENCES<br />

1. Armstrong BK, Kricker A (1995) Skin <strong>cancer</strong>. Dermatol<br />

Clin, 13: 583-594.<br />

2. IARC (1992) Solar and Ultraviolet Radiation (IARC<br />

Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to<br />

Humans, Vol. 55), Lyon, IARCPress.<br />

3. Giles GG, Marks R, Foley P (1988) Incidence of nonmelanocytic<br />

skin <strong>cancer</strong> treated in Australia. Br Med J (Clin<br />

Res Ed), 296: 13-17.<br />

4. Elwood JM, Jopson J (1997) Melanoma and sun exposure:<br />

an overview of published studies. Int J Cancer, 73:<br />

198-203.<br />

5. Rivers JK, Gallagher RP (1995) Public education projects<br />

in skin <strong>cancer</strong>. Experience of the Canadian<br />

Dermatology Association. Cancer, 75: 661-666.<br />

6. Cummings SR, Tripp MK, Herrmann NB (1997)<br />

Approaches to the prevention and control of skin <strong>cancer</strong>.<br />

Cancer Metastasis Rev, 16: 309-327.<br />

7. Baum A, Cohen L (1998) Successful behavioral interventions<br />

to prevent <strong>cancer</strong>: the example of skin <strong>cancer</strong>.<br />

Annu Rev Public Health, 19: 319-333.<br />

8. Diffey BL (1998) Human exposure to ultraviolet radiation.<br />

In: Hawk JLM, ed., Photodermatology, London,<br />

Chapman and Hall, 5-24.<br />

skin <strong>cancer</strong> in Australia may constitute a<br />

sensitive indicator. In this regard, some<br />

positive results are already available. The<br />

incidence of basal cell carcinoma and<br />

9. The Cancer Council NSW and NSW Health Department<br />

(1998) Under Cover: Guidelines for Shade Planning and<br />

Design, Sydney, Australia.<br />

10. Gies HP, Roy CR, Elliott G, Zongli W (1994) Ultraviolet<br />

radiation protection factors for clothing. Health Phys , 67:<br />

131-139.<br />

11. Horsley L, Charlton A, Wiggett C (2000) Current<br />

action for skin <strong>cancer</strong> risk reduction in English schools: a<br />

<strong>report</strong> on a survey carried out for the Department of<br />

Health. Health Educ Res, 15: 249-259.<br />

12. McLean DI, Gallagher R (1998) Sunscreens. Use and<br />

misuse. Dermatol Clin, 16: 219-226.<br />

13. IARC (2001) Sunscreens (IARC Handbooks of Cancer<br />

Prevention, Vol. 5 ), Lyon, IARCPress.<br />

14. Green A, Williams G, Neale R, Hart V, Leslie D,<br />

Parsons P, Marks GC, Gaffney P, Battistutta D, Frost C,<br />

Lang C, Russell A (1999) Daily sunscreen application and<br />

betacarotene supplementation in prevention of basal-cell<br />

and squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin: a randomised<br />

controlled trial. Lancet, 354: 723-729.<br />

15. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (1998)<br />

Cancer in Australia 1995: Incidence and Mortality Data for<br />

1995 and Selected Data for 1996. Canberra, Australian<br />

Institute of Health and Welfare.<br />

melanoma in younger people (under 55),<br />

especially among women, is no longer<br />

increasing and, in some age groups, has<br />

begun to decline [15].<br />

WEBSITE<br />

Anti<strong>cancer</strong> Council of Victoria SunSmart programme:<br />

http://www.sunsmart.com.au/<br />

Reduction of exposure to ultraviolet radiation 143

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