A Hungarian Golf (korábban: Hole In One) elit életmód-magazin

Különleges helyet foglalnak el a biológiai ritmusok között az ú.n. tidal vagy időzóna-ritmusok,
amelyek hosszú – időzónákat átlépő – repülőútnál vagy fordított (éjszakai) műszakvégzésnél
jelentkeznek. A felmérések szerint kevésbé megterhelő keletről nyugatra utazni – ami fáziskéséssel,
azaz a nap meghosszabbodásával jár –, mint fordítva – azaz fázis-léptetéssel járó, naprövidülést
okozó keleti irányú repülőútnál. A többműszakos munkavégzés rendjének
kialakításakor is inkább fázis-késésre szükséges törekedni, emellett napi három helyett négy
műszak felosztással és a műszakforgó egy személyre vonatkozó lassításával hidalhatóak át a
megzavart életritmus okozta adaptációs nehézségek.
8. Gyógyszeradásnál sem mindegy a “mikor” kérdése – avagy a
kronofarmakológia fő üzenete (The question of “when”s matter even
in case of drug application – or principal message of
chronopharmacology)
Chronopharmacology picks a special aspect of chronobiology: the diurnal periodicity of
successful drug therapy. Chronobiology is philosophically different from the previously
dominant belief taught in medical schools that most processes in an organism are in a state of
homeostatic equilibrium and do not change significantly over time. The principal aim of
chronotherapeutics is to match the timing of treatment with the intrinsic timing of illness. The
profile of chronotherapeutic formulations are often different from those of traditional
homeostatic formulations, even when the active ingredient is the same: while homeostatic
formulations provide relatively constant plasma drug levels over 24 hours, chronotherapeutic
formulations may use various drug-release mechanisms to provide intentionally varying levels
throughout the day.
Asthma may be the most common disease with the largest circadian variation. The increased
incidence of sudden and sustained bronchial spasm during the early morning hours is well
known. A study involving asthmatic patients who recorded the time of day when they selfadministered
the symptom-relieving inhaler, found a 300-fold difference among frequencies of
bronchodilator administration (peak: about 2 am; nadir: 10 am).
Rheumatoid arthritis can be distinguished from osteoarthritis by the time of day when the
patient's joints are most painful; morning stiffness is characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis,
whereas symptoms often worsen in the afternoon and evening with osteoarthritis. It is thus
straightforward to give pain-killers for osteoarthritic symptoms in the morning; better results
are obtained in rheumatoid arthritis when part of the dose is taken in the evening.
In the past gastric acid lowering drugs were administered at regular intervals around the clock,
however peptic ulcer disease pain and complications are more common at night, administration
of the appropriate drugs at bedtime is more effective.
Hypercholesterolemia: when cholesterol-lowering drugs were first introduced, a once daily,
morning dosing regime was recommended. This strategy was reevaluated after the discovery of
the circadian rhythm of cholesterol biosynthesis, in which most of the “work” occur during the
evening hours, even in the fasting state.
Many adverse cardiovascular events display a highly significant circadian variation: the
increased incidence of cardiovascular events in the early morning may be explained by
increased oxygen demand of the heart while oxygen supply is decreased. The early-morning
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