Tsu-2011 - ieeetsu

amoxsna. aq elementarul xdomilebaTa sivrce aseTia
{ vv, vq, qv, qq },
sadac “v” aRniSnavs vaJs, xolo “q” – qals. CavTvaloT, rom oTxive
Sedegi tolalbaTuria. SemoviRoT xdomilebebi: A -- iyos xdomileba,
rom ufrosi bavSvi -- vaJia, xolo B -- iyos xdomileba, rom umcrosi
bavSvi – vaJia. maSin A B -- iqneba xdomileba, rom orive bavSvi vaJia,
xolo A B -- ki iqneba xdomileba, rom erTi bavSvi mainc vaJia.
Sesabamisad, saZiebeli albaTobebi iqneba: a). P( A B | A)
da b).
P( A
B | A
B)
. advili dasanaxia, rom:
P[(
A
B)
A]
P(
A
B)
1/ 4 1
P ( A
B | A)
,
P(
A)
P(
A)
1/ 2 2
P[(
A
B)
(
A
B)]
P(
A
B)
1/ 4 1
P ( A
B | A
B)
.
P(
A
B)
P(
A
B)
3/ 4 3
magaliTi 2 (saukeTesos SerCevaze). mocemulia m obieqti gadanomrili
ricxvebiT 1 ,2,..., m , amasTanave ise, rom vTqvaT, obieqti #1 klasificirdeba
rogorc “saukeTeso”, . . . , obieqti # m ki rogorc “yvelaze uaresi”.
igulisxmeba rom obieqtebi Semodian drois momentebSi 1 ,2,..., m SemTxveviTi
rigiT (anu yvela SesaZlo m! gadanacvleba tolalbaTuria). damkvirvebels
SeuZlia ori maTganis SedarebiT Tqvas romelia ukeTesi da
romeli uaresi. saWiroa saukeTesos SerCeva im pirobiT rom obieqtebi warmoidgineba
saTiTaod da ukugdebulis damaxsovreba xdeba damkvirveblis
mier. ar SeiZleba saukeTesod miCneul iqnes is obieqti, romelic dakvirvebuli
obieqtebidan erTze mainc uaresia an romelic ukve iqna ukugdebuli.
vTqvaT, damkvirvebelma obieqti SearCia k -ur nabijze ( k m), anu
daTvalierebuli obieqtebidan ukanaskneli aRmoCnda yvela winaze ukeTesi
da amitom moxda misi SerCeva. rogoria albaToba imisa, rom amorCeuli
obieqti iqneba saukeTeso mTeli erTobliobidan rogorc ukve ganx-ilul,
ise jer kidev ganuxilav obieqtebs Soris?
amoxsna. SemoviRoT xdomilebebi: A iyos xdomileba, rom k -uri obieqti
saukeTeoa yvela arsebul m obieqts Soris da B iyos xdomileba,
rom k -uri obieqti saukeTeoa dakvirvebul k obieqts Soris. gasagebia,
rom mosaZebnia pirobiTi albaToba P ( A|
B)
.
vinaidan A B, amitom A B A da P( A
B)
P(
A)
. Sesabamisad, pirobiTi
albaTobis ganmartebis Tanaxmad
P( A|
B)
P(
A)/
P(
B)
vinaidan obieqtebis yvela SesaZlo gadanacvlebebi tolalbaTuria,
amitom albaTobis klasikuri ganmartebis Tanaxmad advili dasanaxia, rom
( k 1)!
1
( m1)!
1
P( B)
da P( A)
.
k!
k
m!
m
Sesabamisad, P ( A|
B)
k / m .
strategia. SeiZleba damtkicdes, rom saukeTeso obieqtis amorCevis
optimaluri strategia mowyobilia Semdegnairad. avRniSnoT simboloTi
*
m iseTi naturaluri ricxvi, romlisTvisac samarTliania utoloba
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