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The History of the Swastika The swastika is an extremely powerful symbol. The Nazis used it to murder millions of people, but for centuries it had positive meanings. What is the history of the swastika? Does it now represent good or evil? The Oldest Known Symbol The swastika is an ancient symbol that has been used for over 3,000 years. (That even predates the ancient Egyptian symbol, the Ankh!) Artifacts such as pottery and coins from ancient Troy show that the swastika was a commonly used symbol as far back as 1000 BCE. During the following thousand years, the image of the swastika was used by many cultures around the world, including in China, Japan, India, and southern Europe. By the Middle Ages, the swastika was a well known, if not commonly used, symbol but was called by many different names: China - wan England - fylfot Germany - Hakenkreuz Greece - tetraskelion and gammadion India - swastika Though it is not known for exactly how long, Native Americans also have long used the symbol of the swastika. The Original Meaning The word "swastika" comes from the Sanskrit svastika - "su" meaning "good," "asti" meaning "to be," and "ka" as a suffix. Until the Nazis used this symbol, the swastika was used by many cultures throughout the past 3,000 years to represent life, sun, power, strength, and good luck. Even in the early twentieth century, the swastika was still a symbol with positive connotations. For instance, the swastika was a common decoration that often adorned cigarette cases, postcards, coins, and buildings. During World War I, the swastika could even be found on the shoulder patches of the American 45th Division and on the Finnish air force until after World War II. A Change in Meaning In the 1800s, countries around Germany were growing much larger, forming empires; yet Germany was not a unified country until 1871. To counter the feeling of vulnerability and the stigma of youth, German nationalists in the mid-nineteenth century began to use the swastika, because it had ancient Aryan/Indian origins, to represent a long Germanic/Aryan history. By the end of the nineteenth century, the swastika could be found on nationalist German volkisch periodicals and was the official emblem of the German Gymnasts' League. In the beginning of the twentieth century, the swastika was a common symbol of German nationalism and could be found in a multitude of places such as the emblem for the Wandervogel, a German youth movement; on Joerg Lanz von Liebenfels' antisemitic periodical Ostara; on various Freikorps units; and as an emblem of the Thule Society. Hitler and the Nazis In 1920, Adolf Hitler decided that the Nazi Party needed its own insignia and flag. For Hitler, the new flag had to be "a symbol of our own struggle" as well as "highly effective as a poster." (Mein Kampf, pg. 495) On August 7, 1920, at the Salzburg Congress, this flag became the official emblem of the Nazi Party. In Mein Kampf, Hitler described the Nazis' new flag: "In red we see the social idea of the movement, in white the nationalistic idea, in the swastika the mission of the struggle for the victory of the Aryan man, and, by the same token, the victory of the idea of creative work, which as such always has been and always will be anti-Semitic." (pg. 496-497) Because of the Nazis' flag, the swastika soon became a symbol of hate, antisemitism, violence, death, and murder. What Does the Swastika Mean Now? There is a great debate as to what the swastika means now. For 3,000 years, the swastika meant life and good luck. But because of the Nazis, it has also taken on a meaning of death and hate. These conflicting meanings are causing problems in today's society. For Buddhists and Hindus, the swastika is a very religious symbol that is commonly used. Chirag Badlani shares a story about one time when he went to make some photocopies of some Hindu Gods for his temple. While standing in line to pay for the photocopies, some people behind him in line noticed that one of the pictures had a swastika. They called him a Nazi. Unfortunately, the Nazis were so effective at their use of the swastika emblem, that many do not even know any other meaning for the swastika. Can there be two completely opposite meanings for one symbol? In ancient times, the direction of the swastika was interchangeable as can be seen on an ancient Chinese silk drawing. Some cultures in the past had differentiated between the clockwise swastika and the counterclockwise sauvastika. In these cultures the swastika symbolized health and life while the sauvastika took on a mystical meaning of bad-luck or misfortune. But since the Nazis use of the swastika, some people are trying to differentiate the two meanings of the swastika by varying its direction - trying to make the clockwise, Nazi version of the swastika mean hate and death while the counter-clockwise version would hold the ancient meaning of the symbol, life and good-luck. (Jennifer Rosenberg) Love, like a river, will cut a new path whenever it meets an obstacle. Nazi te oud vir die tronk Munich – John Demjanju (91), 'n Nazi- 6 oorlogsmisdadiger, sal vrygelaat word weens sy ouderdom, het ‗n hof in Munich beslis. Demjanju is ook blykbaar te oud om te reis en sy regsverteenwoordigers het intussen aansoek gedoen om appèl. Demjanju is skuldig bevind aan oorlogsmisdade nadat dieselfde hof in Munich beslis het dat hy wel die berugte Nazi-kampwagter (―Iwan die Verskriklike‖) by Treblinka, ‗n Nazi-konsentrasiekamp in Pole, was. Suid Afrika is nou na 18 jaar van kleptokrasie die tweede mees korrupte land volgens Price, Waterhouse en Coopers. Wat is ons toekoms indien ons langer onbetrokke 6 bly in ons gemeenskappe, dorpe en streke ? 6 6
Kunstande die bytende waarheid Voor en ná... jou ingevalle gesig vóór jy ‘n mond vol kunstande gekry het en die duidelik verbeterde jy daarná. Hierdie advertensie uit die negentiende eeu moes die onteenseglike voordele van ‘n kunsgebit beklemtoon. In der waarheid sou die mens tot in die twintigste eeu moes wag op kunstande wat werklik dienlik én gemaklik sou wees... Die stryd van die mens om iets in die plek van sy verlore tande te plaas—ter wille van ‘n beter voorkoms of om beter te kan kou—het reeds meer as 2 500 jaar gelede begin. Die Etruriërs van Toskane in Italië het al in 700 v.C. gedeeltelike kunsgebitte begin maak om sekere tande, maar nie almal nie, te vervang. Hulle het goud vir die basisse van die kunsgebitte gebruik en tande uit ander mensmonde bygevoeg. So nie is nuwe tande gemaak wat van beestande gekerf is. ‘n Gewilde raat teen tandbederf was destyds ‘n mondspoelmiddel wat gemaak is deur hondetande in wyn te kook. ―Geen wonder,‖ skerts ‘n tandarts, ―dat hulle kunstande nodig gehad het nie!‖In die sestiende eeu het tandartse los tande met goud bedraad en kunstande van seekoei- of walrusivoor vervaardig. Maar hoewel ivoor etlike honderde jare lank gebruik is, was dit nooit ‘n bevredigende plaasvervanger nie. Soos een skrywer dit in 1850 gestel het: ―Ivoor verleen aan die lug wat van die longe af terugkeer ‘n onuitstaanbare afstootlike reuk, wat nie voorkom of reggestel kan word nie...‖Miskien was dit juis die soeke na iets beters as ivoor wat in die negentiende eeu tot ‘n grusame episode in die geskiedenis van die kunsgebit gelei het. Gesneuweldes in die Slag by Waterloo is naamlik van hul tande beroof om kunstande te kon maak. Voor 1900 het die draers van kunstande dit werklik bitter gehad. Die gebrek aan behoorlike vervaardigingsmateriaal of die onvermoë om kunsgebitte stewig op hul plek te laat bly, het— volgens een bron—selfs groot manne soos die Amerikaanse president George Washington buierig en opvlieënd gemaak. Vandag speel kunstande ‘n belangrike rol in die oplossing van misdade omdat dit feitlik vuurvas is en nie in suur opgelos kan word nie. Reeds is 1849 is die lyk van ene dr. George Parkman slegs aan sy kunstande uitgeken. En in 1949 het John Haigh, die "suurbadmoordenaar", aan die pen gery omdat een van sy slagoffers, mev. Durand Deacon, kunstande gehad het. (Mieliestronk) Save Seven Lives in 2012 By becoming an organ donor, you can save up to seven lives when you die. Your heart, kidneys, pancreas, liver and lungs can be used to give seriously ill people the chance to live a longer and healthier life. Additionally, you can also help up to 50 others by donating tissues such as corneas, heart valves, skin and bone. Please register yourself as a donor today so that you can provide hope for people waiting for a lifesaving organ. Remember to let your family know about your decision, as they need to give their permission to have your organs removed. Currently there are 4300 people waiting for organs. Less than 800 of them will get the organ(s) they need this year. So please ask everyone you know to become an organ donor. Registering as a donor is free and there will be no cost to your next-of-kin after your death. BECOME AN ORGAN DONOR AND SAVE SEVEN LIVES http://t.co/UzEP10gW #organ_donation. Skryf die regte (graf) opskrifte As jy ooit in Londen kom, dan moet jy die bekende St Paul‘s Katedraal besoek. Iewers in daardie reuse kerk is die graf van Christopher Wren. Hy was die argitek van hierdie indrukwekkende gebou. ‗n Opskrif as deel van die memoriam aan hom in Latyn lui min of meer as volg: “Indien jy „n monument ter herinnering aan hom soek, kyk dan rondom jou.” Wat ‗n getuienis vir sy vermoëns as argitek! Dit laat my wonder watter woorde sal reg laat geskied aan ons eie grafopskrifte eendag? Hopelik nie iets soos: “Hy het lewenslank rugby gekyk.” Of: “Sy het gedurig inkopies gedoen” nie. Of nog erger: “Sy het gedreig om eendag iets vir die Here te doen, maar hier lê sy nou.” Of dalk: “Hy wou nog altyd tyd maak vir die Here en sy gesin, maar toe kom die dood eerste!” Sal dit nie aangrypend wees as mense jou onthou as ‗n roetewyser na God toe nie? Die mooiste opskrif oor jou lewe sal egter wees wanneer Jesus en sy engele eendag vir jou sê: “Welkom in die heerlikheid van Here. Oor min was jy getrou, maar oor baie word jy van nou af aangestel.” Die heel beste tyd om die regte nalatenskap in plek te kry, is vandag. Elke dag se porsie lewe verskyn net eenmaal op jou skinkbord. Vandag is nie ‗n inoefening nie. Nee, dit is die lewe self. Gryp dit aan. Koop die tyd uit, soos wat Paulus vir die Efesiërs skryf. Wees ‗n lewende seën vir jou geliefdes, jou vriende en kollegas. O ja, en sommer ook vir diegene wat nie met jou oor die weg kom nie. Dan skryf jy die regte opskrifte bokant jou lewe. WENKE OM HUISEBRAKE TE VOORKOM Gebruik diefwering van goeie gehalte om u woning te beveilig. Installeer ‗n goeie alarmstelsel met goeie na verkope diens. Moenie waardevolle items soos tuingereedskap,fietse en speelgoed op u perseel laat rondstaan nie. Vra u bure om ‗n ogie oor u woning te hou, terwyl u uithuisig is. Belê in ‗n goeie waghond om u eiedom te beskerm (SAPD – Springbok) Meer as 500 milj. in China gebruik 7 internet Beijing – Die aantal internetgebruikers het tot meer as 500 miljoen gestyg en is steeds aan't toeneem, het 'n bedryfsgroep gesê. Die China Internet Network Information Center het Maandag gesê die getal internetgebruikers het in Desember op 513 miljoen gestaan en is nou 12% meer as die vorige jaar. China se kommunistiese regering bemark internetgebruik vir sakedoeleindes en opvoeding, maar blok toegang tot materiaal wat hy as omverwerping of pornografie beskou. Die jongste syfers toon ook dat die getal Chinese wat die internet op hul selfone besoek met 17,5% tot 356 miljoen gestyg het. (News24) SA derde vriendelikste land in die wêreld Indien jy verhuis sê hulle jy moet mooi kies want jy kan nooit weer huis toe gaan nie – en as jy na Nieu-Seeland, Australië of Suid-Afrika verhuis sal jy nooit weer wil terugkeer nie. Dít is die lande waar dit die maklikste is om met inwoners bevriend te raak, die taal aan te leer, in te pas by die nuwe kultuur en in die gemeenskap te integreer, toon die uitslae van HSBC Bank International se jaarlikse Expat Explorer-opname wat verlede maand uitgereik is. Nieu-Seeland het die hoogste telling in al vier kategorieë gehad. 75% van respondente wat daar woon, het gesê hulle integreer goed in die plaaslike gemeenskap. In Australië was dit 77% en Suid-Afrika 79%. HSBC het 3 385 uitgewekenes in 100 lande tussen Mei en Julie 2011 ondervra. Omdat lande met minder as 30 respondente beskou word as statisties onbeduidend, is daar net 31 lande op die ranglys. Bermuda wat verlede jaar hoog op die lys was, is vanjaar weens te min respondente uitgesluit. Die Verenigde Arabiese Emirate is laaste op die lys. Someone’s opinion of you does not have to become 7 your reality. 7 7
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Page 31 and 32: Hatched, matched and dispatched / G

'Onaktiewe' Alexkor-trust striem hupstoot vir Namakwaland se

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